Croatia the Presentation of the Countrys Main Policies and Domains Essay

Croatia the Presentation of the Countrys Main Policies and Domains - Essay Example These two regions extend over the rough Adriatic coast. Its central regions contain densely wooded mountains in Lika and Gorski Kotar which are part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range (Croatia officially the Republic of Croatia). The Northeast region comprises of fertile agricultural land, and cattle breeding constitutes an important economic activity. Fruits are produced in the central mountain belt; and Istria and Dalmatia produce grapes and olives, in abundance. Croatia’s major industries are food processing, wine, textiles, chemicals, petroleum and natural gas. It is a parliamentary republic with a unicameral legislature. The head of the Croatian state is the President and the Prime Minister is the head of the government (Croatia officially the Republic of Croatia). In the 7th century AD, the southern Slavic people migrated to Croatia, where they formed a dukedom, under Charlemagne’s rule in the 8th century AD. In the 10th century, they converted to Christianity and established their own kingdom. Croatia remained an independent state, under the ruling of native kings. In 1102 AD, Croatia came under Hungarian rule. However, institutions of the Croatians survived even under the rule of the Hungarian dynasty. Gradually, its territory was relocated and moved towards the north and west. In 1420, its Dalmatia region was appropriated by Venice. The conquests of the Ottoman Empire further reduced its territory, in the 16th century (Croatia officially the Republic of Croatia). In the same period, the Austrian Habsburgs occupied the remaining area of Croatia and brought it under their rule. In 1867 Croatia became part of the Austro – Hungarian Empire. Its major regions Dalmatia and Istria were ruled by Vienna and Croatia – Slavonia. In 1918, after Austria – Hungary was defeated in the First World War; Croatia formed the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes by merging with southern Slavic territories.  Ã‚  

The miserable origin and author Essay Example for Free

The miserable origin and author Essay This shows he is discriminating against him, as he just presumes him to be evil and wanting to harm him. However, his facial expression tells us that he reached out in search of companionship. Frankenstein then runs away from the monster and hides. Frankenstein reacts in this way, as he is prejudiced against him. His opinion of him is generated purely based on the way the monster looks. We see this when he says: the beauty of my dream vanished and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Frankenstein only sees beauty as the way you look, and bases his opinions on this. He then compares himself to Dante, who wrote The Inferno. From this, we can see that he sees the monster as being horrible, and he wishes he could die and go to hell. (as described in Dantes novel) Despite the way in which Victor abandons the creature, we see him as being very hypocritical at this point, upon the arrival of his friend Henry Clerval. He says nothing could equal my delight at seeing Clerval; He feels same when he is in the presence of his friend, and so his rejection of the monster when he held out a hand for security, makes him a hypocrite. This is confirmed when Frankenstein grasps his hand. Whereas, he turned away from the monster rather than holding his hand like he does with Clerval. The remainder of the chapter tells us about Victors illness and recovery, which is due to his mental state after the monsters creation. In this chapter, many key themes of the book are highlighted. We see examples of friendship and rejection; we see the ideas of parent/child relationships and the way victor rejects his responsibilities, purely based on his looks, and therefore, we are also presented with ideas about prejudice. We also have views about whether the creation of the monster was morally acceptable or not. In chapter four, we see how Frankenstein rejects the responsibilities that he has over the creature which he has brought to life. We can see that he has no intention of looking after the creature when he says I sincerely hope, that all these employments are now at an end, and Im at length free. This tells us tat he was feeling restricted, almost imprisoned because of his creation, but he is now free, therefore he has no intentions of caring for his creation like a father should. The use of the word employments tells us he thinks of him as being a chore (like a job is) and so instead of loving him, he dreads and hates him in the same way you do a job. We can also see how victor has rejected him in the words he uses to describe him. He does not give him a name, which is a duty performed by all parents, instead he refers to him as the dreaded spectre and hideous guest. The use of the word spectre, refers to the way Frankenstein obviously wishes the creature would die, so he does not have any responsibilities. The idea of naming a human is to give it identity, so it can be recognised, however, Frankensteins refusal to do show, tells us he does not care about him and thinks that by ignoring him, and not giving him an identity, he will go away. In this respect, he is neglecting his parental responsibilities. We then see him running away from it when it tries to reach out to him for security and as a symbol of love. He currently has no warm feelings towards the monster, who we can only presume has run away, when he was rejected by his father. Throughout the rest of the novel, we see Frankenstein continually denying his presence, and only thinks of him at times when horrible events have taken place. He presumes him to be the murderer of his brother William, purely based on his deceptions which he gained from his appearances. In order to confirm this, he seeks him out to ask his story. They then meet in the cold mountains in chapter 2 of the second volume. This is two years after his creation, in which the monster has learnt to talk and has also learnt many other skills any other human would have had. This is the only time Frankenstein shows any sentimentality towards his creation, and so he decides to listen to his story in order to discover what he has been doing. He says I felt what the duties of a creator towards his creation were i ought to render him happy. Frankenstein has now acknowledged his status as a father and decides to let the monster tell his story to make him happy. He also seeks to find out who really did kill his brother, and if his suspicions can be proved. However, earlier in the chapter, he describes himself as the miserable origin and author The word miserable tells us he deems himself to be a monster, and the use of the same word also to describe the monster in chapter four also shows how he can draw a parallel between them both. The reasons for Frankensteins hatred of the monster, comes from his opinion that you have to be beautiful to be a decent person. He tried to make the monster like this, but when he realises the monster was ugly, he immediately presumes him to be evil and as something to fear. This discriminatory view is the reason why Frankenstein rejects the monster. He describes the work to create him as the beauty of the dream. As the reality of the dream is not so beautiful, Victor might see the monster as someone who has ruined his dreams and therefore, he hates him for that. However, his prejudicial views are what appear to make him hate the monster, although this might be a contributing factor. Prejudice is another key idea Shelley presents to us in the novel. We can see Frankenstein discriminating against the monster when the creature first comes to life.

Marketing strategy of walkers crisps

Marketing strategy of walkers crisps Walkers is the UKs favorite crisps brand. Founded in 1948, butcher Henry Walker began making crisps in his Leicester Plant to keep his workers busy, as meat was scarce in post-war Britain. Today, Walkers is Britains largest crisp manufacturer, employing thousands of people in seven locations. Walkers have 16 ranges of crisps and snacks including Walkers Sensations, Doritos and Quavers. Still based in Leicester, Walkers joined the PepsiCo family in 1989 and makes around 10 million bags of crisps a day. Walkers is worth around  £436 million, and Walkers snacks are enjoyed by over 10 million people in the UK every day. In 2007, Walkers became the first company in the world to display a carbon reduction logo on a consumer product. The label covers the carbon used from seed to store and through to product disposal. Working with the Carbon Trust, Walkers reduced energy use per kilo by one third, and water use per kilo by 45%. Walkers have also committed to further year on year reductions to continue to qualify for the label. As part of their efforts to reduce our carbon emissions by reducing our road miles, they switched to using 100% British potatoes for Walkers crisps in July 2007. Introduction to Task 1 This task is regarding marketing strategy options for walker, the requirements from task is to identify the type of growth for walkers which is most relevant to the company and provide justification for that. And then provide two marketing strategy options for walkers and explain how these options can be used to achieve the competitive advantages and long term growth. What is a marketing strategy Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable  competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centered on the key concept that  customer satisfaction  is the main goal. [1] There are three steps in formulating a marketing strategy Step 1: Identification of growth opportunities Step 2: Consider developing Porters generic strategies Step 3: Draw up marketing options While assessing the growth opportunities some points which needs to be focused are Planning a new business, Downsizing or terminating the old ones which are no longer profitable, and the ratio between the desired sales and projected sales. As per requirement of this task the discussion will be only limited to the step 1, which is the identification of growth opportunities for Walkers. Type of growth for Walkers As looking at the current business, market share and market opportunities it indicates that for walkers the growth type is Intensive Growth. Intensive Growth is related to the growth when an organization want to enhance their current business and try to identify opportunities to achieve further growth within the current business. The above given diagram was produced by Ansoff which is a useful framework for companies management looking for the new opportunities to increase their sales and profits. As it show that it has four marketing strategies Two marketing strategy options for Walkers By looking into the current market position Walkers and the revenue they generate each year throughout the United Kingdom market, I will suggest Walkers the following two marketing strategies. Market Penetration Strategy Market Development Strategy Market Penetration Strategy The first strategy each and every company is looking for is to adopt for increasing their sales and revenue is the market penetration strategy. Market Penetration Strategy is the marketing efforts of the company to offer their existing products and services within the current market. The best way to do this is to attract competitors customers and looking for potential customers in the existing market for existing products. As Walkers have the opportunity to use market penetration strategy for their different brands in UK, and also abroad. Before going for marketing penetration strategy proper analysis of competitors in market is required what are their strengths and in which areas they are lacking in providing good services to customers, what are the core competencies for Walkers against all those who are already in the market, and then develop a plan to address those areas which need to be, and try to capture more and more customers of other competitors and also become an attracting brand symbol for new customers in the market of crisps. Market Development Strategy Developing a new market for the existing company product is called market development strategy. In this activity efforts are put on to find new markets and make new customers to increase company revenue and profit. Walkers has the opportunity to develop markets oh geographical such as cities, counties, and demographical such as on basis of sex, age group and class etc. Walkers have the opportunities to develop new markets for its product throughout the United Kingdom, and also in other potential areas globally. Through market penetration strategy they can give good packages to their customers in order to encourage current customers to buy more, the second and important factor in this strategy is that to attract competitors customer by providing them good packages to buy Walkers product and attract all those customers who are new to this market and increase the number of customers. Justification for Marketing Strategies Choices As Walkers Crisps is a UK brand with a 47% share of the British crisp market. And 12 different types of crisps products, which shows that almost half of the UK crisps market is captured by Walkers, and they have a very good and popular brand name, thats why in this assignment the two marketing strategies Market Penetration Strategy and Market Development Strategy for the purpose of marketing are recommended to Walkers. They can launch their product in new markets to attract their competitor customers and all those who are new to the crisps market, because of having good will of Walkers and good market share in the country markets, Walkers will definitely get succeed in attracting new customers and their competitors customers. The second proposed strategy for Walkers (Market Development Strategy) will enable Walkers to introduce their products into new markets with their current products. Although Walkers have about half of the market share captured in UK crisps market but definitely there will be some potential areas where they dont have given the required focus in past, or address those markets where they have low sales as compared to their competitors, so this strategy will help walkers to properly analyze the new market areas and launch their products under the well known brand name of Walkers to achieve maximum benefits for the company. Introduction to Task 2 For every product in market the PESTEL analysis is very important as it is a main part of the marketing strategy development, so the requirement from this task is to carry out PESTEL analysis for Walkers, and then provide enough information and asses how technological change and globalization for the companys market planning in the next 3 years. What is PESTEL Analysis PESTLE stands for P: Political E: Economic S: Sociological T: Technological L: Legal E: Environmental.   PESTLE analysis is in effect an audit of an organizations environmental influences with the purpose of using this information to guide strategic decision-making. The assumption is that if the organization is able to audit its current environment and assess potential changes, it will be better placed than its competitors to respond to changes. Importance of PESTEL Analysis To help make decisions and to plan for future events, organizations need to understand the wider meso-economic and macro-economic environments in which they operate. (The meso-economic environment is the one in which we operate and have limited influence or impact, the macro-environment includes all factors that influence an organization but are out of its direct control). An organization on its own cannot affect these factors, nor can these factors directly affect the profitability of an organization. But by understanding these environments, it is possible to take the advantage to maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to the organization. Conducting a strategic analysis entails scanning these economic environments to detect and understand the broad, long term trends.   A PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the big picture of the environment in which an organization is operating. Specifically a PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market (the need for a product or service) growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for an individual business or organization.   A PESTLE analysis is often used as a generic orientation tool, finding out where an organization or product is in the context of what is happening outside that will at some point affect what is happening inside an organization. The six elements form a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea.   Completing a PESTLE analysis can be a simple or complex process. It all depends how thorough you need to be. It is a good subject for workshop sessions, as undertaking this activity with only one perspective (that is, from just one persons view) can be time consuming and miss many critical factors. We all see things differently and harnessing the knowledge of several people will ensure the process is robust and meaningful. PESTEL Analysis for Walkers Following is the PESTEL analysis of Walkers in UK, keeping in mind the market share, growth and opportunities available in UK crisps market. Political: what is happening politically in the environment in which you operate, including areas such as tax policy, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restrictions and reform, tariffs and political stability. As the political system in the UK is one of the most stable democratic systems, so Walker will be having no problems regarding the country political system. The taxations, employment laws and environmental regulations in UK have proper system to introduce so thats not an immediate treat, but the Walkers have to look into current recession which is effecting almost all organizations in the world. Economic: what is happening within the economy, for example; economic growth/ decline, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate, wage rates, minimum wage, working hours, unemployment (local and national), credit availability, cost of living, etc. the current economic conditions have effected most of the organizations throughout the world, so before launching any new marketing campaign it is necessary for Walkers to have proper analysis of the available resources for campaign and what will be the after effects of that. Sociological: what is occurring socially in the markets in which you operate or expect to operate, cultural norms and expectations, health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes, emphasis on safety, global warming. As Walkers is so much focused on these issues, they have invested millions pound to improve the health related issues in their products. Technological: what is happening technology-wise which can impact what you do, technology is leaping every two years, how will this impact your products or services, things that were not possible five years ago are now mainstream, for example mobile phone technology, web 2.0, blogs, social networking websites. New technologies are continually being developed and the rate of change itself is increasing. There are also changes to barriers to entry in given markets, and changes to financial decisions like outsourcing and in sourcing. So Walkers need to keep updating on their technological side to ensure their parallel walk with the fast driven technological world. Legal: what is happening with changes to legislation. This may impact employment, access to materials, quotas, resources, imports/ exports, taxation etc. As described earlier that to bring changes in legal system in country there is a fair and smooth process, so Walkers dont need to be worried about it. Environmental: what is happening with respect to ecological and environmental aspects. Many of these factors will be economic or social in nature. So Walkers need to develop environment friendly product and use such fuels in the manufacturing plants which produce min environmental pollution and dont harm the health of the workers. Impact of Technological Change In modern world the technology evolve very quickly and each and every day there is some new innovation in the way organizations use the technology in order to enhance their operations and perform the daily activates in good and quick way. The business world has revolutionized almost beyond recognition in the past few decades. Technology and we mean the advances in communication and information technology has changed the face and the pace of business. As communication and information travels faster and faster, the world seems smaller and smaller, and this has large implications for the way we conduct business. Storing important in files on a computer  rather than in drawers, for instance, has made information easily accessible. Using  e-mail  allows businesses to communicate and send these files quickly to remote locations outside of an office. The impacts of technological change for Walkers in next 3 years will the following General changes to technology Communicating Consumers in control Technology has bring a revolutionary changes to the way of marketing, after the evaluation of internet most of the business are now not limited to shop-based shopping, but the concept of virtual business is introduced. The fast communication among the business units and storage of large scale of data easily, and accessibility of data at finger tips are the main advantages of using technology. Technology makes it easy for consumers to find information that they are looking for they are now in control of what they are getting from businesses. With the internet, it is simple for consumers to get online and find a great deal or the same product that you are selling, but one of higher quality for the same price. The internet has created a world of choices for the consumer to use, which means they can make demands on what type of product or service you are offering. What you need to do is to change your product or service and what you are delivering to ensure that your consumers are getting the best deal possible, but that they are also getting the best service and the best value when compared to other companies. Impact of Globalization Globalization has caused dramatic changes to business practices around the world. Companies such as IBM, Intel, Microsoft, and Philips have started to outsource specialists from various parts of the world, causing job shifts and changes in companies structures (Engardio, Bernstein, and Kripalani, 2003). Globalization is an interesting phenomenon since it is obvious that the world has been going through this process of change towards increasing economic, financial, social, cultural, political, market, and environmental interdependence among nations. Virtually, everyone is affected by this process. Given these changes, globalization brings about a borderless world (Eden and Lenway, 2001; Ohmae, 1989a). Globalization drives people to change their ways of living. So to complete in the globalized world Walkers management need to think out of the box and develop their marketing strategy in way which fulfills the needs of all the global stakeholders, and all products and information must be available globally. For that they may need to outsource their business operations may be to some firms in countries other than in where Walkers is in operation. Conclusion and Recommendations Walkers have very good market in UK, providing their customers good crispy products having twelve brands of snacks and crisps. They have captured forty three percent of UK market; have very good marketing strategy like having a former England football team captain as Walkers brand ambassador. But they have very potential growth opportunities which will need to be availed by having improved marketing strategy and addressing the hidden markets to penetrate in those areas, and also try to attract new customers into market, also the customers of their competitors. Also they need to keep updating on their system and technologies both for information sharing, marketing and product preparation to have improved quality of products and achieve the organizational goals and objectives.

Ever Heard of Chance Music? :: essays research papers

aleatory music (ā'lēətà ´r'ē) [Lat. alea=dice game], music in which elements traditionally determined by the composer are determined either by a process of random selection chosen by the composer or by the exercise of choice by the performer(s). At the compositional stage, pitches, durations, dynamics, and so forth are made functions of playing card drawings, dice throwings, or mathematical laws of chance, the latter with the possible aid of a computer. Those elements usually left to the performers' discretion include the order of execution of sections of a work, the possible exclusion of such sections, and subjective interpretation of temporal and spatial pitch relations. Also called â€Å"chance music,† aleatory music has been produced in abundance since 1945 by several composers, the most notable being John Cage, Pierre Boulez, and Iannis Xenakis. Aleatoric (or aleatory) music or composition, is music where some element of the composition is left to chance. The term became known to European composers through the lectures which acoustician Werner Meyer-Eppler held at Darmstadt Summer School in the beginning of the fifties. According to his definition, "aleatoric processes are such processes which have been fixed in their outline but the details of which are left to chance". The word alea means "dice" in Latin, and the term has become known as referring to a chance element being applied to a limited number of possibilities, a method employed by European composers who felt more bound than the Americans by tradition and who stressed the importance of compositional control, as opposed to indeterminacy and chance where possibilities tend not to be finite and which is an Anglo-Saxon phenomenon. The term was used by the French composer Pierre Boulez to describe works where the performer was given certain liberties with regard to the order and repetition of parts of a musical work. The term was intended by Boulez to distinguish his work from works composed through the application of chance operations by John Cage and his aesthetic of indeterminacy - see indeterminate music. Other examples of aleatoric music are Klavierstà ¼ck XI by Stockhausen which features a number of elements to be performed in changing sequences and characteristic sequences to be repeated fast, producing a special kind of oscillating sound, in orchestral works of Lutoslawski and Penderecki. An early genre of composition that could be considered a precedent for aleatoric compositions were the Musikalische Wà ¼rfelspiele or Musical Dice Games, popular in the late 18th and early 19th century.

Senior Seminar Research Proposal

Introduction Forensic entomology is used to determine such crimes as murder, suicide, and other criminal acts by examining various insects instead of using human tissues. This forensic tool is used to determine the postmortem interval of a corpse and the cause of death of a corpse when all other forms of human evidence (human blood, tissues, hair, etc. ) are not present at the scene. Forensic entomologists prefer using insects to determine these factors of death because the insects produce similar results as human test materials such as human blood or tissues which yield the best analytical results for the forensic entomologist.The use of forensic entomological evidence has been accepted and used in many courts around the world (Anderson, 1999). The use of this tool in court can support or refute a suspect’s alibi and improves the criminal investigation against the suspect (Anderson, 1999). Even though forensic entomology is an efficient tool to use in criminal investigations there are some drawbacks to this analytical tool. Such disadvantages include improper collection of entomological evidence and improper analysis of insects after collection, resulting in incorrect entomological results and a possible false conviction of a suspect.The proposed research of this paper focused on insects being affected by different concentrations of ethanol during natural insect development and also focused on the detection of ethanol in insects using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) to determine if insects were significantly affected by ethanol exposure. The research also focused on the exposure of ethanol to the insects and how this exposure affected PMI (postmortem interval) determination. Forensic entomology is a commonly used tool to determine cause and time of death by examining various characteristics of insects that are collected at the crime scene.Such characteristics include size of the insect(s) and the life cycle stage of the insect collected. For ensic entomology becomes the most accurate and sometimes the only tool available for determining time of death, especially after 72 hours (Anderson and VanLaerhoven, 1996). Forensic entomology can also determine if a body has been moved from place to place, determine where the death occurred, determine the presence of various types of drugs and toxins present (if any), wound location, and determine who the suspect and victim are due to the presence of certain insects on the body (Grisales, et al. 2010). Background/Literature Review There are five levels of decomposition identified by a forensic entomologist when conducting an entomological investigation which include fresh, bloated, active, advanced, and remains (Grisales, et al. , 2010). These stages of decomposition are important to a forensic entomologist because insects appear on a corpse periodically throughout the decomposition cycle which therefore determines the time of death of a corpse. During these levels of decomposition insects begin to reach the corpse either by flying (adult flies) or by burrowing through the ground (pupae).Some insects can also reach the corpse by hatching from eggs (larvae) that were laid on the corpse after death. The fresh stage of decomposition involves a drop in body temperature and the appearance of very few flies on the corpse. The insects that are collected are typically larvae and are collected from the mouth of the corpse. The bloated stage of decomposition involves a significant increase in the body weight of a corpse due to rainfall exposure. The insects that are collected at this stage of decomposition are larvae found on the back, head, ears, and anus of the corpse (Grisales, et al. 2010). The active decay stage of decomposition involves fly larvae feeding on a corpse which significantly lowers the body weight of the corpse and an increased amount of fly larvae found in the intestines/ organs of the corpse (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The advanced stage of decomposi tion involves the fluctuation of body temperature depending on the location of the corpse and an even bigger decrease in body weight due to increased consumption of body tissues by fly larvae (Grisales, et al. , 2010).There is an increase in adult flies that are collected at this stage of decomposition. In the last stage of decomposition, remains, there is no continued change of the corpse and the presence of insects found decreases (Grisales, et al. , 2010). The stages of decomposition and the insects present at these stages are also used to determine the postmortem interval (PMI) of a corpse. PMI, or postmortem interval, provides important detail of situations that occurred before time of death in cases of homicide and untimely death (Byrd and Castner, 2001).Arthropods that are found on the corpse can determine the length of egg to fly transformation then to the recovered developmental stage (Gennard, 2007). The best arthropods to use are the oldest ones that were yielded from egg s when the larvae were first deposited on the corpse because they have the longest feeding time on the corpse which allows them to fully develop and retain any evidence from the corpse much longer; this will produce a more accurate PMI. Such information can help to identify both the criminal and the victim by eliminating the suspects and connecting the deceased with other individuals.The predictable physical and chemical consequences of death are usually the most reliable PMI indicators, which means knowing what an insect should look like at which developmental level to determine when a dead body became a corpse (Henssge et al. 1995). PMI is also associated with the succession rate of various insects which is another tool that is used to determine the time of death of a corpse. The succession rate includes information about the time elapsed between death and the presence of a particular arthropod or insect species and stage (Byrd and Castner, 2010).A dead body will go through very r ecognizable decomposition stages (physical, biological, and chemical changes) that attract various types of arthropods in each decomposition stage that are needed to determine the succession rate (Monthei, 2009). The most common succession rate estimated by an investigator is the age of larvae and the time interval between death and the arrival of larvae on the corpse (Byrd and Castner, 2010). The knowledge of what insects are supposed to be present and absent based on the season also helps to determine PMI.Calculation of PMI involves five different arthropod life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult, and carcass) for flies when collecting insects from corpses. The egg stage of the fly is characterized by the laying of between 150-200 eggs, with the exception of some flies lying between 2000-3000 eggs, found on the body in cluster form within areas that provide protection, moisture, and food (Gennard, 2007). Fly eggs are typically shiny and white; the eggs have a similar appearance to that of a grain of rice.The reason for specific placement of eggs on a decomposing body is the fact that the body contains a high quality of nutrients which are used as a feeding source for the fly eggs to grow, as well as the influence of growth on other species of insects that feed on the decomposing body. The larval stage of the fly species is characterized into three stages (L1, L2, and L3) which correspond to the number of slits present on the backs of the larvae (Gennard, 2007). These slits are used by entomologists to determine what stage of life the larvae are in when collected.In the third larval stage, where larvae are the largest, the larvae stop feeding on the corpse and begin looking for a place to begin pupariation. Pupariation is the final stage of development in metamorphosis into the adult stage and is generally called the larval post-feeding stage (Gennard, 2007). Pupariation typically doesn’t take place on the corpse because insects in this stage prefer to be in a cool, dark place or underground, if possible. In some instances of fly larvae in pupariation, the insects were shown to pupate on the corpse.The adult stage, or the end of the life cycle, is initiated by the arthropod pushing itself out of the puparium case and once the adult fly is free from the puparium case, the insects make their journey upward through the soil. Once the adult fly has reached the top of the soil the insects release their waste and expand their wings to make their way to other corpses or decomposing material. The adult stage may be the final stage of the life cycle but the carcass of these adult flies can also be collected as evidence along will the carcasses of arthropods in each life stage.Entomotoxicology Entomotoxicology is the analysis of insects and insect remains for the presence of toxins that may have been present in the corpse before death (Goff and Lord, 1994). Detection of various toxins and controlled substances in insects found on decomposi ng human remains has contributed to the determination of both cause and manner of death by determining what times of toxins were present in the corpse before death (Lord 1990, Goff and Lord 1994, Nolte et al. , 1992).Entomotoxicology also serves as an alternative analysis tool to determine the presence of toxins or cause of death when certain specimens aren’t available for collection, such as human blood or tissues. The toxicological analysis of insect biological materials is conducted in the same manner as the toxicological analysis of human biological materials, making cause of death determination more accurate (Definis- Gojanovic, 2007). Many different species of arthropods, such as flesh flies and blowflies, are used when conducting an entomotoxicological analysis and these arthropods are used to determine the PMI or time before death.The use of entomotoxicology has many advantages, which includes determination of time before death (PMI) and identification of suspect, but this analytical tool also has several disadvantages. One disadvantage includes the issue of recording the exact temperature of the insects because if the information is incorrect then the outcome of the PMI will also be incorrect. Another disadvantage of this analytical tool is the fact that it is fairly new in the forensic science field so if an individual isn’t educated on how to use the technique then valuable entomological evidence related to the case may be lost.Lastly, if proper collection of entomological evidence isn’t conducted properly, the loss of highly important evidence relating to time of death and cause of death could be lost. Cause of death is usually determined by various types of toxins that are detected in the insect after an entomotoxicological analysis was conducted. Issues with Determination of PMI The determination of PMI can be affected by multiple factors but only two will be discussed in this research proposal which include: temperature and ethanol. Temperature involves the rise or fall of temperature to such a high or low that affects the growth or succession rate of insects.Air temperature and exposure to sunlight will raise the corpse temperature which will also increase the insect succession rate. Temperature can also be influenced by such weather conditions as rain, sun, snow, and wind which can greatly affect the amount of entomological evidence collected (insects) and the outcome of a legal investigation (Sharanowski et al. , 2008). Alcohol, or ethanol, is one of the oldest abused drugs in the world that is readily available and the most commonly abused drug in Western societies (Stripp, 2007).Ethanol is a product of fermentation due to yeast cells acting on sugars from fruits and grains that produces a clear, volatile liquid that is soluble in water (Stripp, 2007). Once ethanol enters the blood stream orally it travels in the blood into other tissues. The ethanol travels to tissues with greater water content be cause these tissues will receive greater ethanol distribution. The ethanol concentration will be different in both the corpse and the insects due to the different water amounts found in each species (insects and corpse).The rate at which ethanol is eliminated from the body is another important factor to a forensic entomologist because this can determine the time at which the individual started drinking. The focus of this experiment will involve different concentration levels of ethanol and the effects on the growth rate of the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies). Proposed Research The broad, long-term objectives that this research paper is focused on determining whether ethanol can affect the growth rate of entomological evidence and how much ethanol can be detected in the insects.This research is also being conducted in an attempt to make a comparison to the other research experiments to see if the results concerning growth rate of insects exposed to such drugs as morphine or he roin are similar or different to the growth rate results of insects exposed to ethanol. This research paper includes four specific aims that was accomplished as a way to make the broad objective a more manageable piece that could was easier to manipulate. Specific aim one included determining whether ethanol could be found in both test fly species after feeding on the ethanol infused beef liver.Specific aim two involved determining which concentrations of ethanol produced the most significant changes in the flies. Specific aim three involved tracking the growth rate of the fly species that were exposed to the ethanol infused beef livers (test subjects) and those who were not (control). Specific aim four involved observing any change in the growth rate data from the fly species test subjects that were exposed to three specific concentrations of ethanol. These specific aims will be used in sequential order as a way of getting closer to solving the broad objective. Experimental Methods OverviewThe research experiment hypothesized there would be significant changes in the growth rate of the fly species when exposed to the three specific concentrations of ethanol. The research experiment also predicted that there would be obvious physical changes in the flies when exposed to beef livers infused with specific concentrations of ethanol at different stages of life. The experimental design constructed for this experiment involves the fly species Sarophagidae (flesh flies) feeding on beef livers infused with ethanol over a period of eight to twenty-one days which is the general life cycle for flesh flies.The three beef livers had varying concentrations of ethanol (25 ug, 50 ug, and 100 ug) injected into them that the flesh flies were exposed to. The control group for the experiment was hand massaged with deionized water as a way to keep liquid consistency amongst the groups. At the end of the experiment, the insects were collected into a test tube and then exposed to GC MS or gas chromatography mass spectrometry in an attempt to determine the presence of ethanol in the test subject (insects). The insects were also analyzed for any type of stunted or heightened growth in regards to a normal fly life cycle.This analytical test was able to show that there was ethanol present in the fly species. Experimental Variables The independent variable in this experiment is the specific concentration of ethanol that is distributed amongst the three beef livers. The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth rate of both species after exposure to ethanol as well as the specific ethanol concentrations. The controlled group was the fly larvae that were not exposed to ethanol. The other controlled variables of this experiment were the 45 degrees Farenheit (temperature) the beef livers were maintained at and the amount of beef used (8 oz. as the feeding substrate for the fly species. The experimental groups in this experiment were three larvae groups exposed to ethanol and the control group was a larvae group not exposed to ethanol. Procedures/ Measurements The following experimental design was adapted from a previous research study conducted by George et al. , 2009. Three beef livers weighing 8 oz. each were prepared using the corresponding ethanol concentrations for the three experimental groups of the fly species tested (Experimental Group Two- 25 ug, Experimental Group Three- 50 ug, and Experimental Group Four- 100 ug). 0 mL of deionized water was distributed evenly into the control group (EG 1) to maintain liquid consistency amongst all groups. A cluster of fly larvae for the three experimental groups was collected and distributed evenly amongst the three experimental groups (2-4) as well as the control group. The beef livers were contained in a small plastic tub and refrigerated at a temperature of 45 degrees Farenheit when the beef livers were not being used to discourage spoiling of beef liver as well as to avoid evaporation of ethanol.The growth rate of the test subjects from both fly species exposed to ethanol is measured (any alteration in growth rate is the factor that is being measured) over a period of three weeks. At the end of three weeks, or longer if necessary, all of the perished insects from the experiment were collected for analysis using GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) to determine the presence or absence of ethanol in the insects. Material List Deionized water Ethanol solution Fly larvae of Sarophagidae (flesh flies)Four beef livers (8 oz. each) Graduated cylinder GCMS machine Microscope Pipette Plastic tubs Refrigerator References Anderson, G. S. (1999). Wildlife Forensic Entomology: Determining Time of Death in Two Illegally Killed Black Bear Cubs. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 44(4): 856-859 Anderson, G. S. and Van Laerhoven, S. L. (1996). Initial Studies on Insects Succession on Carrion in Southwestern British Columbia. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41: 617-625 Brown, G. , F uke, C. , Pounder, D. J. , Robertson, L. and Sadler, D. W. (1997). Barbiturates and Analgesics in Calliphora vicina Larvae. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 42(3): 481-485 Byrd, J. H. and Castner, J. L. (2001). Forensic Entomology: The Utility of Arthropods in Legal Investigations. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL Definis- Gojanovic, M. , Britvic, D. , Kokan, B. , and Sutlovic, D. (2007). Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human Tissues. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 58: 313-316 George. K. A. , Archer, M. S. , Green, L. M. , Conlan, X. A. , and Toop, T. (2009).Effect of morphine on the growth rate of Calliphora stygia (Fabricus) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and possible implications for forensic entomology. Forensic Science International (Online), 193(1): 21-25 Gennard, D. E. (2007). Forensic Entomology: An Introduction. Wiley: England Goff, M. L. and Lord, W. D. (1994). Entomotoxicology : A new area for forensic investigation. American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 15:51-57 Grisales, D. , Ruiz, M. , and Villegas, S. (2010). Insects associated with exposed decomposing bodies in the Colombian Andean Coffee Region.Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 54(4): 637-644 Henssge, C. B. , Knight, B. , Krompecher, T. , Madea, B. , and Nokes, L. (1995). The estimation of the time since death in the early postmortem period. Arnold: London Lord, W. D. (1990). Case histories of the use of insects in investigations. In Entomology and death: A procedural guide, ed. E. P. , Catts and N. H, Haskell. Clemson, SC: Joyce’s Print Shop, 9-37 Monthei, D. R. (2009). Entomotoxicological and Thermal Factors Affecting the Development of Forensically Important Flies.Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia Nolte, K. B. , Lord, W. D. , and Pinder, R. D. (1992). Insect Larvae Used to Detect Cocaine Poisoning in a Decomposed Body. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 37(4): 1179-1185 Sharanowski, B. J. , Walker, E. G. , and Anderson, G. S. (2008). Insect succession and decom position patterns on shaded and sunlit carrion in Saskatchewan in three different seasons. Forensic Science International, 179: 219-240 Stripp, R. A. (2007). Drugs of Abuse. The Forensic Aspects of Poisons. Chelsea House: New York

How do Prospero and two Other Characters of Your Choice Change in the Course of the Play? Essay

How do Prospero and two Other Characters of Your Choice Change in the Course of the Play? The Tempest is considered to be one of Shakespeare’s last plays written. It explores the concept of change and forgiveness along with power. In this essay I am going to explain how three characters, Prospero, Miranda and King Alonso’s attitude and behaviour change throughout the play. I will explore how Prospero goes from surviving off his magic and perhaps being a little over-protective towards his daughter, to realising that he needs to learn to let go and that there is more out there than just power. I will also say how Miranda goes from being quite shy and unaware of anything that isn’t related to the island, to discovering love; and also finally how King Alonso repents his sins after all this time. Firstly, I will discuss how Prospero’s attitude changes as the play unfolds. Prospero is the over-thrown Duke of Milan. He has a daughter called Miranda and an evil brother, Antonio. King Alonso, along with Antonio, helps over-throw Prospero but a loyal councillor, Gonzalo, saves him and Miranda by giving them food and water, and also Prospero’s magic books, which he prizes dearly. When Prospero first reaches the island he comes across a creature called Caliban, who, at first, he treats and cares for. This relationship continues until Caliban tries to disrespect his daughter. From then on he is Prospero’s slave. Caliban’s mother, Sycorax, has a spirit imprisoned, which Prospero rescues from a ‘clover pine’. Ariel, the spirit, now helps Prospero in his life. We first meet Prospero in Act 1 Scene 2, just as he is explaining to Miranda that the shipwreck he caused has hurt no one, ‘Tell your piteous heart there’s no harm done’. This shows that although he wants to cause these people complications, he is not a murderer. He then goes on to tell Miranda the truth about how they came to be on this island, ‘Tis time I should inform thee farther.’ The fact that Prospero is willing to let Miranda know more about her life shows that he is aware that Miranda is growing up and that he must let her know more about her past. As the play progresses we see that as well as Miranda being a big part in Prospero’s life, his magic also plays a very big part in it. He prizes this skill amongst all others, ‘above my dukedom.’ In this sentence we can see that maybe Prospero may have concentrated more on his magic than his ‘job’. This could have been one of the reasons why his brother wanted to over-throw him. Magic was not thought highly upon in the time the play was written. We also see throughout the play how Prospero’s relationship with Caliban and Ariel differ. Although Caliban and Ariel are both Prospero’s slaves, he treats Ariel with respect and trusts her. ‘Thy charge exactly is performed.’ Prospero’s praise shows that he is a kind person at heart as long as you can please him and stay on the right side of him. It also shows that perhaps he has more respect for creatures with magical talents. Prospero treats Caliban with no respect whatsoever and also sends him to do all the ‘dirty’ jobs. Prospero is like this obviously because Caliban tried to rape Miranda, he must now be punished. Further on in the play, when Ferdinand arrives, we see Prospero give a fine example of his protectiveness for Miranda. He calls Ferdinand a ‘spy’ and tells Miranda not to associate herself with him, ‘Speak not you for him: he’s a traitor.’ This now shows that although Prospero is starting to accept the fact that Miranda is growing up, by telling her about their past, he still cannot yet accept that she will find love and one day part from his company. It also shows that Prospero may feel threatened that Ferdinand may take Miranda away from him. Although Prospero seems to despise Ferdinand and Miranda being together, we see later on that they do in fact, play quite an important role in Prospero’s ‘plan’. At this point in the play he is still relying heavily on his magic. Finally, towards the end of the play we see Prospero giving in to the things he holds dear to him. He accepts that Miranda has fallen madly in love with Ferdinand and that he cannot stop her growing up, even with all his power. He finds that magic is not the answer to everything, ‘I have given you hear a third of mine own life†¦now my charms are all o’erthrown and what strengths I have’s my own.’ Prospero also recognises that forgiveness is greater than vengeance. ‘Sir, I invite your highness and your train to my poor cell.’ All of these things show that Prospero in being in this island has learnt some key things in life and about himself. It also shows that being marooned there for all those years helped him grow into a better person. I will now explore how Miranda’s character opens up throughout the play. Miranda is the son of Prospero and arrived on the island aged about three. She doesn’t remember much about her previous life in Milan. At first, Miranda appears almost in Prospero’s command, ‘O my heart bleeds to think o’th’teen that I have turned you to.’ As she knows nothing about her previous life and he is the only man she knows of, she looks up to him like a servant would to his master. It is clear that Miranda has utmost respect him. She is aware that he does not conceal to her about her past life in Milan, ‘You have often begun to tell me what I am, but stopped,’ but now she is ready to know more; she is more mature than Prospero takes her for. Prospero holds Miranda back. As the play moves forward, very slowly, Miranda starts to grow into an adult. She starts to challenge Prospero, ‘O dear father, make not to rash a trial of him,’ Miranda is now gaining confidence in herself instead of ‘just standing in the shadows’. She also finds love in the form of the King’s son, Ferdinand. She can never remember seeing a man other than Prospero before, so as she looks upon him, she thinks that he must be a spirit. Finally, by the end of the play Miranda has developed into a woman. There is still one thing that suggests Miranda still has a lot more to learn about real life; when she looks at the villains she still mistakes them from people of a ‘brave new world’. Apart from this she seems to be a ‘new person’: she is to marry Ferdinand and she can now speak out for herself as she wishes or sees fit, ‘If you’ll sit down.’ In saying this she indicates that she is very much more in command of her own life and what she says now. Finally, I will explore how King Alonso’s attitude and behaviour changes throughout the play. Alonso is the King of Naples who has a brother, Sebastian and a son, Ferdinand. He plays a part in helping Antonio over-throw Prospero. He is on his way back from his daughters weeding when we first encounter him and at once we get the feeling of great power, ‘Good Boatswain, have care where’s the master†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ordering one of the crew members about when it’s not his ship to control shows that he wants to/needs to know what is going on all the time. We do not meet him again properly until half way through the play, where he is roaming the island, having been separated from his son. At this point, although he does not know it yet, he is already part of Prospero’s ‘plan’. Gonzalo is trying to comfort the King but Alonso receives comfort like ‘cold porridge’. ‘Prithee, peace†¦I prithee, spare.’ By saying this he is showing that he does not like to be told what to do or what to feel, he does what he wants and doesn’t like anyone else interfering. He also assumes that his son is dead very quickly, ‘No, no, he’s gone.’ This shows that either King Alonso is very strong mentally and can accept the truth quickly or conceals his emotions very well. We Meet Alonso again at the end of the play where everyone is brought together, the King, assuming his son is dead all this time is over-whelmed with joy to see Ferdinand playing chess with Miranda In Prospero’s cave. ‘Now all the blessings of a good father compass thee about,’ even thought he assumed and accepted that his son had died very quickly we now see that he does care and love his son very much, as much as Prospero loves his magic and daughter. In the end King Alonso repents all his sins, ‘Thou pardon me my wrongs,’ by repenting his sins Alonso is showing us that he is a very mindful character and can accept that he has done wrong and is aware that he needs to take responsibility for his own actions. Throughout the whole play there is a great amount of change going on, whether it be Prospero giving up his magic or Caliban repenting his sins. I believe that this play is built with a moral behind it. At the end of The Tempest everybody is bought together and we find out how different everyone is as well as how they feel about each other truthfully. Although Prospero has been on the receiving end of so many wrong doings, he can still forgive them all, including his unrepentant brother, Antonio. Some of the characters: Gonzalo, Caliban and King Alonso ask for his forgiveness and repent their sins. Others: Sebastian and Antonio do not and still believe that he got all he deserved. This shows that they are in some ways ignorant and not as ‘big’ as those who asked for forgiveness, it takes a bigger man to own up to what he has done.

From the Earth to the Moon essays

From the Earth to the Moon essays I believe Verne intended this book chiefly to be a satire of some people living at his time who were unable to accept the peaceful condition of the world. The Gun Club is nothing more than a group of disfigured and excitable old war mongers, who, since there was no war, needed to create some grand project as an outlet for their destructive energy. He also could have been satirizing the attitude of greatness that he perceived Americans to have about themselves and their country. This is illustrated in many lines of the members of the Gun Club, how they fear no obstacle, confident that American ingenuity will conquer all. Another possible reason for his writing this book could have been merely to express how he foresaw man reaching the moon. This book is a delightful satire, and is very enjoyable to read. It's written in a smooth, easy to follow language, and has really no dull parts. I liked the way the story was presented, through the eyes of the members of the Gun Club, who were very amusing characters. It was also written in common language, so it was easy to read. Another thing I liked about this book were all the great characters. I especially liked the members of the Gun Club, with their artificial appendages and talking about nothing but past wars, future wars, and accomplishments in the field of artillery. I really liked Matson who had multiple arm attachments, like a hook, a pencil, and a knife. Setting was also described very well in this book. From the weapon filled meeting hall of the Gun Club, to the construction site on Stone Hill, Verne always used such descriptive language, that you could easily see the place in your mind. I especially liked how he portrayed the enormous dimensions of the cannon and of the projectile itself. Another characteristic of this book was, unlike most others I have read, there is no messy love story ...

Essay on Family and Jing mei Identity

Essay on Family and Jing mei Identity Essay on Family and Jing mei Identity Salu Subba Eng. 102-5604 Prof. A, Maharaj 03/27/2015 Self-Discovery As a child, it is very difficult to understand our culture, family values and traditions. We really don’t know where and how we come from and how the way we become. The story entitled â€Å"A Pairs of Tickets,† by Amy Tan, is a about a girl named Jing Meh at her late 30 who rediscovered her ethnic and culture roots in the way to China. Jing Mei was a Chinese born in San Francisco, California. She grew up in the Western background cultures whereas her parents were grew up in China and immigrated to America. She had never felt herself as Chinese. She never showed up any interest to know about her family’s roots, when her mother used to tell her about her family’s background. She didn’t want to be Chinese because she thought that Chinese people do same things like her mother like haggling with storeowners, pecking her mouth with a toothpick in public and talking loud in their native language among themselves. She thought that Chinese people do embarrassed things in public. So she didn’t want to be like those Chinese people and be neglected from her friends. After her mother died, she and her father travelled China to fulfill her mother’s wish. She started to feel different as soon as she reached China. When she saw her father’s tears of happiness in his eyes while meeting his aunt, it touched her emotionally. She felt so bad for her twin sister because her sister couldn’t see her mother for many years. She started to understand her mother feelings towards children. She was afraid that her twin sister might not have talked with her because she didn’t speak fluent Chinese. She started thinking about all those past years when she was denying about being Chinese, and she finally accepted that she could be Chinese too. Her father told her the meaning of her name â€Å"Jing like excellent Jing. Not just good, it’s something pure, essential, the best quality. And â€Å"Mei,† as younger sister† (Tan, p.153). She solved the problems that had been lingering from a long time of not wanting to be Chinese. After she visited China, she realized that she could be both Chinese and American. This story didn’t only help discover of Jing Mei identity but also rediscovered her father’s Chinese childhood when he met his aunt after years. They were emotionally attached, had a full of happy tears in their eyes. Jing Mei noticed that her father looked like a young boy, so innocent and happy (Tan, p.145). He felt those things because he had no one elder than him while he was away from his motherland and he couldn’t let

The American Political System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The American Political System - Essay Example The American political system is indeed on that is rightfully the envy of the other countries. The system of check and balance within our political system should be considered the greatest strength of our government. However, it is this very strength that also weakens our political structure in a certain way. Too much check and balance in the legislative arm of the government results only in never ending filibustering which in turn prevents the government from effectively governing the society that they are supposed to lead. Just look at the recent events between the White House and Congress and you will know that I am stating a well known fact. Check and balance, when done incorrectly by our government leaders instead ends up weakening our political and economic structure. If I were given a chance to change something about the American democratic system, it would have to be the electoral college. Although the college is good as a provider of check and balance within the two party system, it stifles the true will of the people by allowing their individual belief and voices to be heard because individual votes are not counted in favor of either two party system candidate. Therefore, an electoral college proclamation of a president cannot really be considered to be the real voice of the people thus, one cannot actually say that the president elect has the overwhelming support of the American

Articls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Articls - Essay Example The expectancy levels have also been questioned on their validity on assessing the quality of healthcare. The piece wraps up by arguing that it is not warranted to argue that the US healthcare system is not quality (Docteur & Berenson, 10). Dickson’s article indicates that the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission’s move to ensure that the congress narrows the variations in the payments made to the service providers in relation to the services provided (Dickson 1). MedPAC also advocated that the cover also caters for hospice services for its clients. If these recommendations were to be adhered to Dickson argues that the expenses incurred by Medicare would indeed reduce, and the services offered to the clients would improve to a great extent (1). Dent’s article indicates that cultural competency has been defined in various contexts (1). The article emphasizes that quality healthcare cannot be alienated from cultural competency. When the heath service providers are able to relate to the cultural background of their patients, quality service can be achieved (Dent 1). The policies made in regard to healthcare must relate to cross-cultural contexts. Dent, Lowanda. â€Å"The Role of Cultural Competency in Eliminating Health Disparities†. Minority Nurse, MN 2005 Winter. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. http://www.minoritynurse.com/article/role-cultural-competency-eliminating-health-disparities Docteur, Elizabeth & Berenson, Robert A. How Does the Quality of U.S. Health Care Compare Internationally? Timely Analysis of Immediate Health Policy Issues August 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.

Managerial Support Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managerial Support Systems - Assignment Example e process of classifying people into groups that have some set of characteristics, resulting in the ability to be studied and targeted† (Xtremeimpark, 2009). Multinational corporations utilize consumer segmentation to determine the demand of its products by dividing consumer markets by geographical location. One of the reasons for geographical segmentation is because people from different cultures have different purchasing behaviors. McDonalds is the largest fast food chain in the world. Its hamburgers are a product that sells well in most parts of the world. Despite this fact the company has found it hard to penetrate the India marketplace because the majority of its population visualizes the cow as a sacred animal. Another variable that is often used for consumer segmentation is income. Marketplaces with populations that have higher income are attractive due to the fact that higher income means the customers have greater purchasing

Business Writing Class Members Respond to Postings Assignment

Business Writing Class Members Respond to Postings - Assignment Example Backing up any claims made using facts and statistics or visuals also help in assertive writing, therefore giving a reader confidence as to the accuracy of the information. Writing involves assertiveness rather than aggressiveness which is rude or passiveness which comes out as inaccurate/doubtful. I think that this is a good idea. An on-site daycare would also give assurance to the employee that their child is in safe hands since they will be close to them throughout the day. Offering learning opportunities and free health checkups is also an extra benefit to the employees. The daycare will eventually improve on the company’s productivity since employees will focus on their daily work knowing that their children are well taken care of. However, I feel as though a proper organizational review must be conducted before the commencement of this research. This is in order to know the demographics of the employees working there. For example, their age, marital status, number of kids and age of kids. By so doing the researcher is able to ascertain whether most employees are married, have kids and whether the kids are below 5 years old. Such a research may not be feasible in an organization where most employees are single, do not have kids or if they have children they are above 5 years old. A daycare may not be of help in such an organization and it may end up being a waste of resources. I absolutely concur with you, showing credibility is significant in a research. It is important that your work is supported by credible examples, illustration, visuals or even expert opinions and all these be properly cited as a reference.

IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON INNOVATIVENESS IN ITRC Research Paper

IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON INNOVATIVENESS IN ITRC - Research Paper Example If the knowledge management system of Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC) is efficient and effective, then innovativeness in the telecom industry will be enhanced by improving the knowledge management process, knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. There are 64 respondents in this study who comprises of 49 males and 15 females. The majority of these respondents are graduates of technical fields such as computer science, digital communication, and telecommunication engineering.Among the respondents,12.5% are Ph.D. holders,18.75% have a master’s degree,25% have a bachelor’s degree,31.25% have an associate degree and 12.5% have a diploma or a technical graduate diploma (Aghmyoni, 2012) The research has obtained valuable data in areas that include different types of managerial decision effects on knowledge creation process, requirements in knowledge creation process, impressive organizational cultures that are useful in knowledge creation and sharing. The available data include the data from a comparative analysis that is coded and classified. Based on the analysis and classification results, the most important type of decision in the managerial level that has the greatest effect on knowledge creation according to the survey is senior managers’ support followed by creation of a cultural context and lastly being thoughtful managerial

Ethnicity in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnicity in Film - Essay Example This film was significant on a number of levels. It was a major Hollywood release budgeted that brought in a box office of 23 million dollars and yet it managed to honestly depict the events of a highly politically charged event. It also examined the complexity seeking self identity in a group long persecuted in examining a character played by Val Kilmer who was at odds with his native heritage preferring to deny its existence and through the events of the story showed the self discovery of racial pride and identity of this character. This paper will explore the issues and themes raised by the film as they relate to the depiction of native culture. It will examine how the film showed the fight for ethnic identity in the face of outside pressures that are often hostile. This illustration of the complex nature of racial identity and political context are further heightened by the political context of the story. It will also highlight how the quest to depict native American ethnicity on film is still occasionally marred by stereotypes. The quest for identity for the protagonist is the main theme of the story. Val Kilmer's character Ray Levoi is of part Sioux descent and at the onset of the film he strongly denies his heritage. He does not talk about his heritage to his superior played by venerable actor and playwright Sam Shepard. He is shown to have become mainstream with his fashionable haircut and designer sunglasses and formal clothing. His initial contact with the people of the reservation his shown to be officious and unfamiliar. Grahame Greene's character,Walter Crow Horse who plays the town sheriff. does not like the intial presentation but something in him senses the inner conflict in the character. There is a marked tension in the character who is referred to as the Washington Redskin"" in hushed tones to refer to both his heritage and to his remarkable success in the bureau up to that point. With his succesful mainstream background Ray Levoi's character sees the events of the crime that he is sent to in vestigate through the official outlook of his boss. Slowly through the Graham Greene's character he awakens to his own heritage. After the intial presentation of the character there are series of events and individuals that slowly change his perspective on the purity of his own reasons for being there. The intitail reason for trip to the Reserve by the FBI is to capture Jimmy Looks Twice a chararcter who is believed to have murdered some FBI agents and is on the lam in the reservation. Apart from the steady tutelage of the town sherrif it is the idealisitc young teacher, Maggie Eagle Bear who appears to do the most to sway the protagonist's thinking. She is sincere and intelligent and she speaks to him of the real injustices that are going on in the reserve. The look at the poverty on the reserve is not spared in Apted's honest cinematography. She speaks to him at an educated level which he has come to respect from his own successes but unlike him she has not turned her back on her heritage. More than this, Ray's character sees her clear kindness and lack of rancor and it moves him. From this encounter on, Ra y starts to question his own motives for being on the reserve and

Business Writing Class Members Respond to Postings Assignment

Business Writing Class Members Respond to Postings - Assignment Example Backing up any claims made using facts and statistics or visuals also help in assertive writing, therefore giving a reader confidence as to the accuracy of the information. Writing involves assertiveness rather than aggressiveness which is rude or passiveness which comes out as inaccurate/doubtful. I think that this is a good idea. An on-site daycare would also give assurance to the employee that their child is in safe hands since they will be close to them throughout the day. Offering learning opportunities and free health checkups is also an extra benefit to the employees. The daycare will eventually improve on the company’s productivity since employees will focus on their daily work knowing that their children are well taken care of. However, I feel as though a proper organizational review must be conducted before the commencement of this research. This is in order to know the demographics of the employees working there. For example, their age, marital status, number of kids and age of kids. By so doing the researcher is able to ascertain whether most employees are married, have kids and whether the kids are below 5 years old. Such a research may not be feasible in an organization where most employees are single, do not have kids or if they have children they are above 5 years old. A daycare may not be of help in such an organization and it may end up being a waste of resources. I absolutely concur with you, showing credibility is significant in a research. It is important that your work is supported by credible examples, illustration, visuals or even expert opinions and all these be properly cited as a reference.

Ethnicity in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnicity in Film - Essay Example This film was significant on a number of levels. It was a major Hollywood release budgeted that brought in a box office of 23 million dollars and yet it managed to honestly depict the events of a highly politically charged event. It also examined the complexity seeking self identity in a group long persecuted in examining a character played by Val Kilmer who was at odds with his native heritage preferring to deny its existence and through the events of the story showed the self discovery of racial pride and identity of this character. This paper will explore the issues and themes raised by the film as they relate to the depiction of native culture. It will examine how the film showed the fight for ethnic identity in the face of outside pressures that are often hostile. This illustration of the complex nature of racial identity and political context are further heightened by the political context of the story. It will also highlight how the quest to depict native American ethnicity on film is still occasionally marred by stereotypes. The quest for identity for the protagonist is the main theme of the story. Val Kilmer's character Ray Levoi is of part Sioux descent and at the onset of the film he strongly denies his heritage. He does not talk about his heritage to his superior played by venerable actor and playwright Sam Shepard. He is shown to have become mainstream with his fashionable haircut and designer sunglasses and formal clothing. His initial contact with the people of the reservation his shown to be officious and unfamiliar. Grahame Greene's character,Walter Crow Horse who plays the town sheriff. does not like the intial presentation but something in him senses the inner conflict in the character. There is a marked tension in the character who is referred to as the Washington Redskin"" in hushed tones to refer to both his heritage and to his remarkable success in the bureau up to that point. With his succesful mainstream background Ray Levoi's character sees the events of the crime that he is sent to in vestigate through the official outlook of his boss. Slowly through the Graham Greene's character he awakens to his own heritage. After the intial presentation of the character there are series of events and individuals that slowly change his perspective on the purity of his own reasons for being there. The intitail reason for trip to the Reserve by the FBI is to capture Jimmy Looks Twice a chararcter who is believed to have murdered some FBI agents and is on the lam in the reservation. Apart from the steady tutelage of the town sherrif it is the idealisitc young teacher, Maggie Eagle Bear who appears to do the most to sway the protagonist's thinking. She is sincere and intelligent and she speaks to him of the real injustices that are going on in the reserve. The look at the poverty on the reserve is not spared in Apted's honest cinematography. She speaks to him at an educated level which he has come to respect from his own successes but unlike him she has not turned her back on her heritage. More than this, Ray's character sees her clear kindness and lack of rancor and it moves him. From this encounter on, Ra y starts to question his own motives for being on the reserve and

Cooking oil And Fuel for car use Essay Example for Free

Cooking oil And Fuel for car use Essay It is now commonly reported in the media news and conferences on climate, environmental degradation and global warming and many of these terms are pointing to the compounded nature of the environmental problems and the need for individuals and government to arise, proffer solution and rapidly intervene. The fossil fuels are the most polluting types of fuel to the environment. This is because it is widely used and produced . F is the reaction in the combustion gas that involves carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (CO, CO2), both of which contribute a large share to the phenomenon of global warming. This phenomenon has the potential to increase the level of water in the seas, oceans and poles due to the melting of ice and thus the sinking of large areas of the continents. There are many alternatives to fossil fuels that can provide the energy necessary for human life such as solar energy and hydrogen cells. However, all of these alternatives are either still under testing or expensive and this hinders their use in the present time. Another alternative that can be used at the present time due to the fact that it is accessible to all is the biodiesel. The biodiesel is derived from edible oils used in household cooking and it is formerly regarded as unfit for human use. In restaurants where the owners spend a lot of money to individuals who help them to get rid of these oil can now heave a sigh of relieve in that they can now turn them into fuel suitable for the operation of motor vehicles, generators, motorcycles and any machine that utilizes internal combustion . The biodiesel (Biodiesel) is twice as clean as fossil diesel chemical composition has a smaller number of carbon atoms. Therefore, they produce less carbon exhaust, which is also the highest for the regular diesel, and by this, the lifespan of the machine is maintained and the biodiesel is conserved. Biodiesel is therefore safer than the regular diesel. It burns at 167  ° while the regular diesel on the other hand burns at 70  ° Celsius. The modus operandi of biodiesel Introduction The basic idea in the production of biodiesel is from used oil preferably from soybean oil. However, in the absence of soyabeans, any other type of vegetable oils can be used depending on the chemical composition. In the oil molecules, a break in the interaction is initiated by addition of alcohol in the form of methanol or ethanol with the presence of a catalytic sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide from glycerol (as output or product of interaction) along with ethyl esters (biodiesel). Methods Purification The action of this interaction in several stages and they are: 1)initial purification: Since the oil used has already been used in cooking, then it contains a residue that must be disposed of before the beginning of interaction and here a of silk oil passes through a large piece of primary filter Furthermore, it is heated by placing it on fire to refine the oil at a temperature between 60  ° -70  ° Celsius. 2) calculating the amount of the incentive: The catalytic factor is usually used in calculating the quantity of sodium hydroxide and this is one of the most important steps of the process This is because any increase or decrease in the quantity of sodium hydroxide would increase the proportion of outside interaction (Glycerol) at the expense of the required product (biodiesel). Variables/materials needed to calculate/obtain the amount of the incentive are -Methanol (these are at the centre of racing cars and can be found in stores that sell chemicals) Standard Boboli alcohol (Isopropyl Alcohol 99% IPA). -A scale is needed. -A measure of the acidity of the paper known as the PH obtained in some major pharmacies. -A standard pan. -Gloves and a protective cover to the body. Calibration factor is the amount of catalytic heating oil during the fire where it is in interaction with a separate calibration of the oil as highlighted below: Storage Mix 1 gram of sodium hydroxide with 100 million litre of water to obtain a solution of sodium hydroxide. Mix 1 billion litre of oil with 10 billion litre of alcohol Boboli. Qatar and the use of sodium hydroxide solution to fall on the oil and alcohol solution, and measure the acidity of the oil solution using paper (PH) . After the addition of every billion litre of sodium hydroxide solution, we will find that acidity has increased. This process continues until it reaches pH between 9-10, then count the number of litre of Millilitres of the signed dropper, and not litre. For example, 6 million litre and grams will be converted to 0. 006 grams of sodium hydroxide per 1 million litre of oil or 6 grams per 1000 billion litres of oil. Adding this to the 6 grams with 3. 5 grams taken as constant, a total of 9. 5 grams of sodium hydroxide per litre of oil is obtained. Add the calculated amount of sodium hydroxide in methanol to that of the whole interaction, away from oil, and half the quantity of methanol quantity of oil used the result of the interaction of sodium oxide and methanol (sodium methoxide). However, be careful as this is a highly toxic chemical compound, and must be kept away from direct skin contact. It has the potential to destroy the nervous system and therefore one must take all feasible precautions in the conduct of this interaction. Confused: Sodium oxide is added to methanol (sodium methoxide) and then to the oil through the suppression of stirring and then, heating continued for an hour. Sedimentation and Sedimentation After the completion of heating, the composite is placed in the settling tank for 24 hours in which there is separation of glycerol from biodiesel based on the principle of density difference. In order words, the more the dense glycerol deposit at the bottom and the remaining part settles at the top of the diesel. After the liquidation of reservoir sediments, there is separation to glycerol and diesel, and the difference can be seen easily through the density and viscosity, and if the difference is not obvious, the use of diesel is recommended in this case. To ensure that the use of diesel favoured, the density can be measured using hydrometer which is in stores that sell chemicals . Where reading between 0. 85 -0. 90 densities were not even, then Valdes is not fit for use. It can also be mixed with biodiesel fossil diesel by 40% to 60% which is vital if the fossil machine contains many parts of rubber. In conclusion, we have thus made a lot of benefits from the use of biodiesel. For instance, we have oil we use, and also we have the price of fuel reduced, and then we are able to maintain the machine, and diminish the emission of the environment. â€Å"A diesel motor can also run on a fuel made from used and new vegetable oil called biodiesel (Microsoft Encarta, 2008) Reference El-Messidi, K (2007). Automobile Industry. Microsoft Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2007.

Elucidating the p53 Signalling Network by Reverse Genetics

Elucidating the p53 Signalling Network by Reverse Genetics Reiyyan Tariq Nizami Aim In my research project I am working with four different strains Caenorhabditis elegans. I have been performing a double mutant screen using an RNAi knockout library. Cep-1 is a protein that causes apoptosis due to DNA damage in the worm. The cep-1 protein is an ortholog of the human tumor suppressor protein p53, which is found mutated in many cancerous cells. The aim of my experiment is to find genes that are regulators of cep-1 which cause lethality if mutated with cep-1. Alternatively mutants which are lethal as single mutants but survive as double mutants in combination with a cep-1 mutant are also potential genes of interest. These mutants have the potential to be regulated by drugs/proteins to change the levels of cep-1 and induce/prevent apoptosis in cells. Background Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in our body. Under normal conditions a cell has regulatory proteins and check points that make sure that a cell is growing at the right pace and if for any reason the cell starts to grow irregularly then these proteins stop the cell growth and cause apoptosis. Apoptosis is the programmed death of a cell, as you can imagine it is tightly regulated and loss of regulation can result in catastrophe for the cell and the organism. When apoptosis is over active, healthy cells will die and this is often seen in diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, hematologic diseases and many other tissue damage diseases. Loss of apoptosis in turn results in cancers, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein that was discovered in 1979. Since then a lot of research has been done into p53 and its functions. P53 is a tumor suppressor protein that is involved in defense of the cell. It is activated when a cell undergoes many various kinds of stress, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, metabolic stress and oncogene activation. It is one of the most important barriers to cancer in many mammals. P53 works in many various pathways, primarily p53 is involved in binding to transcription factors that then activate pathways involved in cellular defense, such as preventing angiogenesis and cellular growth. Malfunctioning p53 is one of the greatest hallmarks of cancer. The majority of mutations found in p53 are due to single nucleotide substitutions in the amino acids of the DNA binding domain of the protein. Similar cancerous phenotypes are observed when either p53 loses function due to a loss of function mutation or when negative regulators of p53 are overactive or positive regulators of p53 lose their function. However p53 is quite unique amongst tumor suppressor proteins because different missense mutations in the protein can cause different levels of p53 activity and hence have varying effects on the host. The effect of the mutation is further modified depending on the genetic background of the person with the mutation. Due to the different effects of various amino acid substitutions and the varying genetic background of patients it is quite difficult to study large populations. This is because high-throughput sequencing and genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism maps are expensive to obtain. The prices are going down as new technologies are becoming available however until now there have been no larger scale studies relating different mutations to varying levels of risks for different types of cancers. It is also hard to perform molecular studies on entire humans and so research is done on cell lines, mice and on cep-1 the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of p53. Caenorhabditis elegans is a worm in the nematodes phylum. They are a very well-studied organism due to their ease of study. C. Elegans are one of the simplest organisms that have a nervous system and that make them a very good model organism for neuronal studies. They are transparent creatures and so many molecular and cellular processes especially those involved in development have been thoroughly researched. They have a short generation time and are very cheap to maintain. They are an extremely good model organism for performing screens because any of their nonessential genes can be knocked out easily by using RNAi. The cep-1/p53 pathway is highly conserved throughout evolution as it is an extremely important pathway that is essential for cellular survival over time. The cep-1 protein works through the following pathway to cause apoptosis in cells suffering DNA damage. Cep-1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Egl-1/Ced-13 –| Ced-9 –| Ced-4 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Ced-3 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Apoptosis A similar pathway is observed in humans p53 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   BH3 –| Bcl2 –| Apaf1 à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Caspase à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   Apoptosis A majority of these proteins are orthologs to one another. It was hoped that through my screen further proteins which interact with Cep-1 would be found and then their orthologs in humans could be found and then researched and targeted to regulate p53. Materials and Methods The experiment in itself was an extremely simple but time consuming experiment. Screens were performed with mutant worm strains which were then fed RNAi, through Escherichia coli (E. coli), to silence the gene of interest and create double mutants. To begin with a liquid screen is preferred over a solid screen. This is because with a liquid screen you can screen a larger sample of double mutants more easily than a solid screen. Liquid Screen The following strains of bacteria and worms were utilized, E. Coli – OP50, C. Elegans – N2, C. Elegans – GK138, C. Elegans – LG12501. E. Coli – OP50: Food source for C. Elegans C. Elegans – N2: Wild type worms C. Elegans – GK138: Cep-1 Mutant worms C. Elegans – LG12501: Cep-1 Mutant worms RNAi Knockout library for C. Elegans Chromosome 1 Day 1: Grow worms on Nematode Growth Medium (NGM) plates with OP50 as a food source for the worms. Day 3: Bleach worms that were plated on day 1 so as to only have eggs remaining on plates. Bend glass rod into L shape using a high temperature flame (Bunsen burner) Pipette bleach onto plates with worms on them and gently scrape the surface to mix worms and eggs with bleach Pipette fluid into Eppendorf tube and centrifuge at max speed for 3 minutes Aspirate most of the fluid and keep as much of the pellet as possible Suspend pellet with bleach Repeat steps 3 and 4 Suspend pellet using M9 solution Centrifuge at high speed for 1 minute Aspirate most of the fluid and keep as much of the pellet as possible Repeat 7 and 8 Suspend pellet using M9 solution and vortex Eppendorf tube at low speed to mix solution Place Eppendorf tubes in slow rocker in a 20 ° fridge overnight to allow eggs to hatch Day 4: Replicate bacteria containing RNAi from knockout library using a sterile 96 pin replication tool into a 96 well containing Liquid Broth (LB) with Ampicillin and allow the bacteria to replicate overnight at 37 °C in an incubator Induce transcription of RNAi using adding 0.1 Molar IPTG into wells and place in a shaker for 1 hour. Pellet bacteria by centrifuging in a cold centrifuge at 5 °C for 5 minutes at 2,500 g Remove the supernatant by flipping over the well quickly but carefully so as to keep pelleted bacteria in the wells Suspend bacterial pellet in wells using NGM Pipette worms into wells and place in 37 °C shaker Day 8: Remove worms from shaker gently making sure not to tilt the 96 well plates Observe and record phenotype of the worms Compare phenotype between the 3 different strains of worms Leave worms in 20 °C fridge overnight Day 9: Remove worms from fridge gently making sure not to tilt the 96 well plates Observe and record phenotype of the worms Compare phenotype from previous day Compare phenotype between the 3 different strains of worms Sequencing After potential hits were found in the liquid screen the RNAi from these bacteria were sequenced to ensure that the sequence of the RNAi was correct and hadn’t randomly mutated over time. RNAi was prepared by using a Qiagen miniprep spin kit. Suspend bacteria in 250  µl Buffer P1 and place in a microcentrifuge tube Mix 250  µl Buffer P2 and shake the mixture by flipping tube over a few times To the mixture add 350  µl N3 buffer, mix well quickly Centrifuge at 13000 rpm for ten minutes Aspirate supernatant into new tube Centrifuge again for a roughly 1 minute and discard the flow through Wash spin column with 0.5 ml PB buffer and centrifuge for 1 minute, discard flow through Wash spin column with 0.75 ml PE buffer and centrifuge for 1 minute Discard flow through and centrifuge at maximum speed for 1 minute Place prep column in a sterilized 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube Add 50 ÃŽ ¼l of water to prep spin column and allow to rest for 1 minute after which centrifuge for 1 minute After the Qiagen miniprep is complete the tubes were sent for sequencing to The Centre for Applied Genomics where it was sequenced and results were obtained within a week. Solid Screen Solid screens were performed on genes which were found to have increased lethality with cep-1 deletion or increased survivability with cep-1 deletion. The following strains of bacteria and worms were utilized, E. coli – OP50, C. Elegans – N2, C. Elegans – TG12 E. Coli – OP50: Food source for C. Elegans C. Elegans – N2: Wild type worms C. Elegans – TG12: Cep-1 Fluorescent tagged (GFP) worms C. Elegans – Ned-8: Positive control C. Elegans – HT115: Negative control RNAi Knockout library for C. Elegans Chromosome 1 Day 1) Streak RNAi bacteria of interest from RNAi Library to obtain single colonies. Allow them to grow overnight in 37 °C incubator Day 2) Pick and grow a single colony in 5 ml of LB + Amp + Tet overnight in a 37 °C shaker Day 3) Add 0.1M IPTG for 4 hours to induce RNAi Plate 100  µl of induced bacteria on RNAi plates incubate at 37 °C incubator overnight Day 4) Pick 5 worms at the same stage and plate onto RNAi plates Allow to grow over 4 days at 20 °C Day 8) Score phenotypes and compared between different strains Day 9) Score phenotypes again on next day and compare between different strains and the previous day Fluorescent Microscopy We used a Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy to observe localization of cep-1 in TG12 worms. Worms were mounted using the following method Place a drop or two of hot liquid agarose onto microscope slide Immediately place a second slide perpendicularly on top of the agarose Allow agarose to settle for one to three minutes Gently slide off second slide so as to leave an agarose patch behind Add a drop of 1mM Levamisole to paralyze worms and prevent their movement Pick worms and place them on the slide Slowly place coverslip on top of worms, be very gentle Once prepared the slides were observed using a DIC microscope to find any irregularities in the localization or amount of cep-1 in the worms, especially in the germline and the eggs. Results The aim of this experiment was to find genes that cause lethality as double mutants with cep-1 mutants but not in wild type worms, these genes would be positive regulators of cep-1 and cause apoptosis through cep-1. The screen was also designed to find worms that cause lethality in wild type worms but not in cep-1 mutants, these would be negative regulators of cep-1 and cause apoptosis through cep-1. The results were gathered and tabulated to allow for an easier and better analysis of data. Note: There is a lot of data and so only data that is relevant is shown. Liquid Screen Results Legend L = Synthetic LethalE = Embryonic LethalG = Slow GrowthB = Egg laying abnormal R = No RNAi C = Contamination A = Larval Arrest S = Sterile V = Variable Morphology P = Lethal progeny W = No Worms Cells of interest are highlighted Chromosome 1 – Plate 1 N2 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 A R G G/L L C A/C A/C E R E/S G R R I S/L S R R R R K R R R R M R R R R S O R R S/E R cep-1 (gk) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 A R L C/L C/L G/E C G/S G/L C/L E R E/S G R R I E/S E/S R R R R K R R R R M R G/E R R R /G/S O R R S R cep-1 (lg) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 A R C/L L L E/P C G/L G L E R E/S G R R I S/B S/B R R R R K R R R R M R E/G R R R S O R R S/E R Chromosome 1 – Plate 5 N2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 A C E G E I E K R M R R R O G R cep-1 (gk) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 A C E G I E K R M R R R O R cep-1 (lg) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 A C E G I E K R M R R R O R Key results of interest in liquid screen Lethality in gk and lg but not in N2 Well Gene N2 gk lg A23 F53G12.5 G/E E/P M03 Y95B8A_85.h G/E E/G Lethality in N2 but not in gk or lg Well Gene N2 gk lg G04 F25H2.10 E Solid Screen Results 3 hits of interest were obtained from all the plates that were screened. These 3 hits were then repeated multiple times on solid media to make sure the results were accurate. N2 lg gk A23 -1 A23 -2 A23 -3 N2 lg gk M03 -1 E M03 -2 E M03 -3 N2 lg gk G04 -1 L A G04 -2 E G04 -3 The M03 strain showed opposite results in the solid screen in comparison to the liquid screen. However since the results were consistent we decided to study both M03 and G04 under the microscope with fluorescent markers. Fluorescent microscopy results No major mislocalization of GFP tagged cep-1 was found and no extra or lack of GFP tagged cep-1 was observe

Car Wax :: essays research papers

ALL ABOUT CAR WAX A waxed painted surface protects the paint from many contaminants including minor abrasions, along with protection from UV rays and infra-red light. Waxes which supposedly clean and wax in one application compromise both processes. Brazilian Carnauba (car-NOW-ba) wax is wax of choice for automotive paints. Wax provides an invisible barrier to protect the paint. Since carnauba is hydroscopic, meaning that it naturally absorbs water, it expands upon application to a car's painted surface and protects it from the elements. Pure carnauba is impossible to apply in such form -- it is rock-hard. Pure high grade carnauba, when mixed with natural oils in ranges from 25 to 50 percent produce the deepest and richest shine to a painted surface. There are compromises in achieving such a result. Ease of application durability, and speed in getting the job done often require a greater mix of silicones and polymers and less carnauba. Those types of waxes often sacrifice depth of gloss and shine to t he paint. Your needs may be suited by specific products which balance the ease of application, depth of shine, and durability of the end result. With pure waxes with natural oils as the carrying agent, wax will adhere to the paint immediately without white residue or deposits left. Wax is applied in straight strokes in either direction and taken up with a clean terry cloth towel before it dries at the point where it becomes tacky. If wax is applied in high humidity it may streak. It may also streak due to uneven application if you apply the wax in a circular motion. Small areas should be waxed at one time. Constantly rotate the cleaning towel to apply a fresh area of the towel for proper wax removal. Use a foam applicator for the wax application rather than a cloth. The closed cell foam will not absorb wax into the material -- all you want to do is apply a thin film onto the paint for a proper application. Only a microscopic portion of wax adheres to the surface of the paint. Excess wax will only be wiped off and wasted in the process if too much wax is applied at one time. An eight ounce container of wax should enable you to do ten to twenty applications of your car's finish. The Facts Behind Wax For many detailers, nothing finishes off a well-detailed car like a high quality finish wax or polish.