Life Lessons Essay

ife (â€Å"Hard Work Beats Talent, When Talent Doesn’t Work Hard†) – (Kevin Durant) Over this past summer, I experienced a lot of events that I think will change my life for the better. It seemed like everything started falling in place when I got an unexpected call from a college coach from a small school called Samford University. I was shocked that I received the call because for one, I’d never even heard of the school he was calling from. Also, I never actually played a full game of football in high school.The reason he’d called me is because he said he was at one of the previous scouting camps I attended a few weeks prior, and he liked my athleticism and how I always worked hard and never gave up, even when he saw I was having a hard time. He wanted me to attend one of the school sponsored scouting camps that he was putting together, and he offered to get me in for free so I gladly accepted. When I arrived at the camp, I was very nervous becaus e there were a lot more major college coaches there than I expected, and the combine included college students also, so I wasn’t just competing against any regular competitors.There were 6 different events that we were doing that day, and I had never done any of them at any previous camps so I had no faith in myself from the start. At the first event, the 40 Yard Dash, I had to race a college linebacker from another school so I had to prove to my coaches that I could take on any challenge they threw at me from the beginning. But everything didn’t go quite as I expected. On my first try I false started 2 seconds early, and everyone was laughing at me so I started to down myself. On the 2nd attempt, I false started again!It wasn’t as early as the previous one, but I was wasting all of my chances at getting an official time because I was too nervous to even start on time. On the 3rd and final attempt, I managed to get off on a good start and run a 4. 92, but the sc outs weren’t very impressed by that because they knew and I knew that I could do better than what I was showing them. At the next event, the Running back drills, I was already nervous because of how bad I had done at the previous event, and it showed in my actions.When I went up to catch passes from one of the quarterbacks that was attending the camp with me, normal passes that I could catch in my sleep became difficult for me to complete. I was so worried about messing up again that I wasn’t performing to my full potential. The coach that recruited me to attend the camp took notice at my performance and pulled me aside and talked to me. He told me â€Å"he knows for a fact that I could do better, and he wants to see the athlete that he saw at the previous camp, not the nervous one that he had seen today.Just believe in myself and perform to the best of my abilities for the duration of the camp and everything would be fine†. Then he gave me a quote to think of w hen I got down, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard†. Now I don’t know what it was about that speech, but when I went back to the drill, everything seemed to fall into place. I was catching every single pass the quarterback threw me, even the ones that were badly placed. When I re-did my 40 Yard Dash, my time dropped from a 4. 2 to a 4. 8. From that point on, I exceed all my expectations at every other event that was available to me at the camp. After that day, I learned that I can’t down myself every time I mess up at something, I have to just keep doing my best and to forget the rest. And whenever I get to the point where I want to just give up, I always remember that quote that the coach told me, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard. Word Count: 695

Dorothea Lange

Art has always been Important to society. The art Influence and modify to society and which Is formed societys understanding and era. Especially visual arts such as paintings and photographs all important for know better. For example: Jaime Olaya's painting La Famllla and Dorthea Lange's photograph Migrant Mother. I am going to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between Migrant Mother and La Familia.There are some similarities between the two. The first similarity is their space. That artworks space is crowded and overlapping. Because the figures are large. Another similarity is composition. Both works are capturing a mother and her children. Although there are some similarities but there are several kinds of differences between Migrant Mother and La Familia. The first difference is their era. Migrant mother was made in twentieth century but Migrant Mother was made in nineteenth century.Migrant mother colors are muddy and cool on the other hand La familia colors ar e colorful and bright. Another difference Is their balance. Migrant mother balance Is the mother head is slightly proportional and level with the children's had. La famllla balance Is Mother's head Is not level at all not proportional. Another Important difference Is mood. Migrant mother mood Is depressing, worried, fear and very downhearted. All the same la familia mood Is happy, comforting, loving, peaceful and warm.Migrant mother message is struggling mother for her children and to overcome hard times with together. In addition to La Familia message is a mother holding her children with passion and love. Another difference is interpretation. I mean migrant mother interpretation is realistic but La Familia interpretation is artistic. Because Migrant Mother is seen reality of life. All in all I believe art should tell the truth but at the same time adduce beauty of life. So these artworks are one of best their period.

Global companies, global integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global companies, global integrity - Essay Example LRN, a research company geared at developing cultures through education and management solutions, discusses in an article the necessary convergence of global principles as practiced by the company and the local policies as applicable to each branch toward the development of the company. From the beginning, a company who wishes or is already venturing into the world market must produce a code of conduct that shall govern its employees and the way it conducts business. This must be adopted and transferred into the international subdivisions in compliance with the local laws and customs to create an cohesive ethical standard for everyone. The disparity in the assessment of the perfomoance of headquarters prevailing over its international counterparts must be addressed. Local managers play an important role in solving this issue and education is the key (LRN, pp. 2-4). In effect, the company, guided by these principles as set by its headquarters creates the need for what could otherwise be described as a community in the international scene distinctively recognizable as its own. It becomes a microcosm of the ideals and goals of the company magnified in each of its locations. But this must still be in acquiescence with local laws including its own drawbacks dealt with. Ethics is an fundamental part of any business operation as our time suggests and this is well within the bounds of the necessity for corporate social

Consumer socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer socialization - Essay Example For children, a "gift" is anything they get beyond the basics of food, shelter and tools necessary to perform their studies. They soon recognize specific occasions for receiving gifts, such as their birthday and holidays like Christmas, Easter, and Hanukkah, among others, but continue to seek and receive gifts for other reasons such as good behavior or success in school. Often a gift for good grades is given at the end of the school term. This is all considered "dependent" consumption, as children do not yet have access to their own money to make purchases. Bjurstrom also refers to it as the "gift economy". It is not exclusive to children, of course. Adults use gifts for many reasons, primarily relationship-building and maintenance throughout their lives. (Bjurstrom, 2003.) "Independent" consumption, defined as supporting oneself from one's own income, is a large factor in the transition from childhood to adulthood today. Gender socialization does have an influence on the transition from dependent to independent consumption, while this is diminishing in many countries. Many women, even in developed countries, never fully evolve in their consumer socialization beyond the "gift economy." Their ideal husband is strong and loving, and buys what is needed and wanted without asking questions. The sooner young people of both genders are taught and encouraged to integrate dependent and independent consumption, the more effective consumers they will be. Young people should learn to use money from their allowances, and earnings from household chores, to buy birthday gifts for friends and family members as soon as possible, even if the gifts are small in size and value. This will help them learn to select and purchase, use money wisely, and understand the emotional and relationship impacts of receiving and giving gifts. While the age of young people who are able to practice fully independent consumption is getting later and later in the developed nations, due to the prolonged time they spend in post-secondary education, they are beginning to practice some forms of independent consumption at earlier ages in the 21st century than in the 20th. This is due to factors such as family income, as in many families around the world, both parents now work outside the home and earn income. (Bjurstrom, 2003.) Family income is a critically important factor in a study of consumer socialization in south Asia, based on surveys analyzed by M.F. Sabri, J. Masud, and L. Paim, of the University Putra Malaysia. The survey respondents were college students. The replies were given by 68% female respondents and 32% male. They lived in both rural and urban areas, and came from families with an average of 5 children. Most often they were middle children, rather than the oldest or youngest. This research also demonstrates the consumer socialization influences on these young respondents, aged 17 to 21. These young people were able to be relatively independent consumers due to their family income. Their parents could afford to send them to university and provide them with a generous allowance to use for living expenses. Most of the students lived away from

Acid Rain in Hamilton Ontario Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Acid Rain in Hamilton Ontario - Research Paper Example The acid rain in turn pollutes the lakes making them acidic, which kills the fishes and other species in water, also affecting the trees which die due to acidic nature of the rain. Humans are also affected as they have to encounter various health issues. As a response, various short term and long term measures are being taken which have effectively reduced the emissions; however a lot needs to be done as the hazards of the problem are too severe to ignore. Acid rain has become a severe environmental hazard in the recent past due to the environmental implications it leaves on the ecosystem as well as on the human health. As a basic phenomenon, due to pollution in the environment owing to industrial waste or other reasons nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide are released in the atmosphere which is evaporated. These evaporated chemicals descend back on earth in the form of acid rain, creating severe hazards for the environment. Acid rain is one of the most crucial concerns for North America and Canada, as industrial emissions released in the atmosphere are surpassing the limits causing environmental hazards. According to a recent research, this problem has been predicted to continue for at least another 60 years. Hamilton Ontario located in Eastern Canada can be taken as a case study to inquire about the issue in detail, as this locale has been a victim of acid rain in the past and strong actions have been implemented to resolve the issue1. In context to the Hamilton Ontario, the first concern related to the causes behind the severity of the issue in this area. Since Ontario lies in Eastern Canada, the cloud approaches this area from the US. The industrial wastes emitted through the factories running in the US emit suphur and nitrogen containing acidic chemical in the environment which pollute the clouds2. When the winds blow east, they carry the clouds along which cause acid rain to drop over the area in the form of rainwater.

Sources of Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sources of Finance - Assignment Example The author of the paper states that ordinary shares are issued to the owners of a company. They have a nominal or 'face' value, typically of $1 or 50 cents. The market value of a quoted company's shares bears no relationship to their nominal value, except that when ordinary shares are issued for cash, the issue price must be equal to or be more than the nominal value of the shares.  "Deferred ordinary shares are a form of ordinary shares, which are entitled to a dividend only after a certain date or if profits rise above a certain amount. Voting rights might also differ from those attached to other ordinary shares.  "Preference shares have a fixed percentage dividend before any dividend is paid to the ordinary shareholders. As with ordinary shares, a preference dividend can only be paid if sufficient distributable profits are available, although with 'cumulative' preference shares the right to an unpaid dividend is carried forward to later years. The arrears of dividend on cumula tive preference shares must be paid before any dividend is paid to the ordinary shareholders.  "Loan stock has a nominal value, which is the debt owed by the company, and interest is paid at a stated "coupon yield" on this amount. For example, if a company issues 10% loan stocky the coupon yield will be 10% of the nominal value of the stock, so that $100 of stock will receive $10 interest each year. The rate quoted is the gross rate, before tax.  "Debentures are a form of loan stock, legally defined as the written acknowledgment of a debt incurred by a company, normally containing provisions about the payment of interest and the eventual repayment of capital. "Loan stock and debentures will often be secured. Security may take the form of either a fixed charge or a floating charge. "For any company, the amount of earnings retained within the business has a direct impact on the number of dividends. Profit re-invested as retained earnings are profit that could have been paid as a d ividend.  

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce Simulation Essay

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce Simulation - Essay Example If terminated, the Age Discrimination and Employment Act (ADEA) could be called out, as well as Employment at Will (Reed, O.L., Shedd, P.J., Morehead, J.W., & Corley, R.N.). Female, Age 28 Contractor, Good Attendance, Below Average Production, Rescued Two Major Accounts, College Dropout, Public Relations Skills, Customer Service, Telemarketing, Sales, Good Listener (2007, University of Phoenix). If terminated, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Chapter 14 could be called out (2005, Reed, O.L., Shedd, P.J., Morehead, J.W., & Corley, R.N.). Female, Age 30 Pregnant, Contractor, Poor Attendance, Average Production, Contractor, No Special Achievements, Bachelor of Science in Public Relations, Troubleshooting, (2007, University of Phoenix). If terminated, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act could be called out (2005, Reed, O.L., Shedd, P.J., Morehead, J.W., & Corley, R.N.). There are certain extenuating regulatory circumstances (e.g., exceptions to employment at will, or a collective bargaining agreement) that would affect the decision to terminate these people. Simulations such as these help business managers and those with a vested interest in an organization or in learning the trade a good perspective on a real-world situation. Each of these is represented in the above table in the form of a law or act as listed. Under the agency principle, it is your obligation that you act in the best interest of the organization as opposed to self interest. Therefore, your decision on which three people to lay off must align with the best interests of the organization. The above table shows both flaws and strengths of certain individuals that are being considered for termination. The final decisions were determined based upon the best interest of Fast... The author of this essay constructs a fictional company and fictional case to understand how to make a right decision regarding the termination of employees. The author is considering downsizing due to their recent decision to leave the online distribution market. In order to downsize, the company has decided to terminate three of its employees based on their work evaluations. The observer in this case is a senior manager from the Human Resources Department at Fast Serve. His objective is to determine which three out of five potential employees are to be terminated. This may sound easy enough, but it gets tricky due to certain laws that protect employees from unfair treatment, including termination, in the workplace. The observer has two weeks to make a decision that is in the best interest of Fast Serve and that does not violate any laws. Through understanding the decisions that were made in this exercise, the viewer gains a better understanding of regulatory requirements that govern the termination of employees. The laws that were considered in this case were those that protect a company’s employees against unfair treatment or wrongful termination. As was learned in the case with Manson, sometimes it is in a company’s best interest to assist an employee rather than terminate him or her (University of Phoenix, 2007) In conclusion, decisions of this nature must be made in light of what is legal and what is ethical. A company must make decisions that are in their own best interest without losing valuable talent or risking a lawsuit.

Stumper 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stumper 4 - Assignment Example My answer is also correct but it is not detailed to the lather. Both answers explain the effects of such situation in the short run. My answer gives general information while the teacher’s goes as far as categorizing the major economic components that face the full impacts. For instance, the teacher talks about the how businesses, households, commercial banks and the foreign exchange markets react to lower Fed Fund Rates. Nevertheless, both answers explain the result of the expansionary monetary policy that is enacted during trough phase of the business cycle. In this question, both answers are correct though there slight difference in the explanations. Both answers focus on the long term effects of a strong expansionary policy and the resulting effects. Some of the effects discussed include price levels, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, inflation, rate of unemployment and Gross Domestic Product. In my own opinion, the assignment is ninety five percent

Organizational Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Organizational Justice - Essay Example . For a manager to act justly, he has to read the codes of conduct of an organization first, this entails understanding all the words that are used in the code of conduct putting in mind both the spirit and intended meanings of the words. After understanding the codes of conduct, it is important to ensure that all the employees understand the codes of conduct, and in case of any misunderstanding, explanations are given to the employees. A manager who acts consistently with the codes of conduct is able to provide a foundation of trust in the organization, and there will be a good relationship with the employees at the work place. Becoming organizational members means we surrender some of our autonomy so that others can control us (Clegg, Kornberger and Pitsis 2008, p.252). The goal of a manager is to elaborate to the employees meaning of good ethical judgments and encourage all employees to bring forward any acts that they think is not appropriate. The result of these is that an organ ization will be able to monitor behaviours that are unethical before it gets out of control and stop it at the right time. Day-to-day decisions involve issues that are ethical from considerations of reasons for promotion, decision to discipline a particular employee fairly to treating other individuals in an organization. Treating employees in a just manner also involves tolerating behaviours of an individual that you would not tolerate in others and a manager must ensure he is able to handle all of these actions. Rational decision-making will assume the decision maker is well informed of organizational goals and the alternatives that are available (Denhardt 2010, p.82). There are times when being ethical will not answer the certain issues being confronted in an organization such as having an ethical line and legal conduct that can, in most times, are blurred. For instance, if a manager finds documents that have information about the products of his competitor, the illegal part woul d be if the manager steals it from the competitor’s premise. However, if the document is found in the streets, ethics allows the manager to use the information assuming an individual might have dropped the document by accident. For an organization to have justice, it is important, therefore, to offer training that involves more than just reviewing the rules of the company. Some behaviour is not acceptable in one organization, but is acceptable in another and vice versa, and it, therefore, does not mean that the behaviour should be tolerated at the company leaving the other company. The organization should be able to set standards that every individual

Unit 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 6 - Assignment Example For the sake of customer safety and service, a similar language needs to be in place. The employees need to maintain excellent public relation patterns with the target customers. In doing so, customers feel welcomed and valued. It also promotes the business sales. In another way, a few employees without English knowledge may feel left out and alienated from others who are quick in expressing themselves in English. They may think they are being gossiped in the workplace. Differences in workplace subsides managers institute such changes. The disciplinary action needs to be clear to everyone. The disciplinary policy in workplace ensures that every member sticks to the directives. The employees are hence aware of the repercussions that accompany breaking of the law. Knowledge of the effects of law breaking will deter them from poor acts in the workplace. Therefore, in personal view, measures enforcing English speaking only at the workplace are good if implemented well. They result to good customer care and an improvement in public relation patterns (Ekkens and Winke 270). Ekkens, Kristin, and Paula Winke. â€Å"Evaluating Workplace English Language Programs.† Language Assessment Quarterly 2009 : 265–287. Retrieved from

The Functionalism of Gangs in New Zealand Essay Example for Free

The Functionalism of Gangs in New Zealand Essay Gangs have been perceived as a predominant and rising social issue in New Zealand since as early as the 1950s. Associations of crime and deviance have been the focus of media and law enforcement throughout this time but the issues associated with gangs do not prevail singularly within the construct of the groups. It is too easy to point the finger to those on the fringes of society and say that they are the cause for social instability. It is harder to look at those ‘issues’ that seem to impede society and say that they actually have a function that keeps society stable. This essay will seek to underline the key influences of gang life in New Zealand and its effect on society from a functionalist perspective, employing Erik Durkheim’s theories, New Zealand sociologist expertise and other affiliated sources. The purpose is to explore the functions of gangs within the context of society as a whole to prove that they indeed have positive attributes that keep communities and society healthy. The three main areas this essay will be targeting are cultural breakdowns, economic instability and ‘unity and purpose’. The rise of gangs in New Zealand began as early as the 1920s but there was no systematic study of them until the 1950s (Gilbert, J. , 2013). The struggle for identity is one of the main causes for the increase in gang memberships during the New Zealand urbanisation that many Maori experienced in the 1960s. They suffered enormously from a break in traditional forms of their cultural structure as they migrated to the cities for work. The problem that arose from the exodus from rural to urban living was the breakdown of their cultural identity and traditional forms of power and hierarchy (Gilbert, J. . Cited by Turner (1973) in the European Journal for Social Psychology; ‘an insecure social identity for members of a low-status group would follow when they have some awareness that their inferiority is not completely inherent, fixed or legitimate’ (p304). This suggests that Maori who were part of the urbanization saw and noticed the change to their social status and took action to change their social inferiority. It was here gangs became an effective tool within society to deal with the large numbers of individuals that were not coping within a functional system. Ill-equipped to deal with the many realities of city living, and with the breakdown of traditional forms of authority, young Maori faced with ‘multiple marginality’ formed gangs in unprecedented numbers. † (Gilbert, J. , p292). Gangs here have proven not only to become effective surrogate communities for those who have suffered from cultural breakdowns but also have actively provided a rise of status for individuals who had become marginalized. It is this function, creating identity and community, that gang membership has proven to be a staple for maintaining healthy individual lives. Emile Durkheim’s most famous work is his study of suicide which recorded and proved statistics of suicide in relation to crisis such as economic instability and people who experienced ‘anomie’ (lack of social regulation) or ‘egoism’ (lack of social integration) (Cree, p 10). His argument was that intensely personal decisions, such as suicide, were actually influenced by the functions of the community and society people are part of. If the functions and stability of those environments then breakdown, statistics recorded by Durkheim have shown that there is an increase in depression and suicide. A functionalist perspective would then argue that the provision of gangs recreated stability for many Maori during the urbanization period, and not only in ways of community and hierarchy. Gangs were also a provision for economic stability. â€Å"The faltering economy of the 1980s reshaped gang membership. With few employment options to entice members toward conventional lifestyles the gangs became not just vehicles of rebellion but a means to achieve social and material fulfilment. † (Gilbert, p 292) Economically gangs provided security through many forms of work, both legal and illegal. Even now substances like marijuana are an important economic aspect of communities facing decline in isolated and rural areas of New Zealand, such as the East Coast and Northland (Giddens, p 239). Although the work gangs provided was often illegal it was (and still is now) an essential component for those who were struggling during economic upheaval. If anything, even in modern New Zealand, the system of the gang actually controls and manages the illegal behaviour of the individuals within it, as they have to conform to the power structures and hierarchy. The structures of power within gangs were not only good for consolidating members into their communities but also for providing unity amongst its members through having a shared purpose. Through this unity they have evolved into more sophisticated entities and are commonly known as a significant part of certain communities (Gilbert, p286). The reason that this is so is because many gang members share common identities with the communities they are embedded in, on economic grounds as well as cultural grounds. In these communities gangs often provided security and a focal point for decisions and issues that surround the people. This security can be critical for specific communities, the majority of which face marginalization because of ethnicity or economic status. Emile Durkheim suggested in his 1895 work that ‘law and morality’ were the key components for individual happiness. â€Å"Durkheim thus insists that human happiness is realised, not through the satisfaction of individual wants and needs, but through the creation of social harmony,† (Cree, p 10). It is here we see and can begin to accept the importance of the unity of the gang. A functionalist at this point would argue that it is by the existence of entities such as gangs, who create social acceptance for those marginalized, that quells higher statistics of suicide within New Zealand. The gangs provide unity, hierarchy, purpose and social standing; all of the things Emile Durkheim believed were essential for individual happiness and a prosperous society. This essay has covered several different aspects of gang evolution within New Zealand which have significant and positive attributes that contribute to a functioning society. In this regards I would argue that gangs are not an issue that needs a solution within New Zealand, nor would society benefit from their eradication. In saying this this essay did not cover many of the negative aspects of gangs, including gang violence and rivalry. In its defence this essay would conclude, there is no social structure – whether schools, businesses, families or churches – that do not have negative attributes, but that does not impede them in terms of their function within a healthy society. Gangs within New Zealand society play a larger role for social stability than people realise. Society within New Zealand does not have adequate coping tools to deal with people who have been marginalized or faced with extreme identity crisis due to cultural shifts within their life. Gangs have proven with their structures of hierarchy, provision of security and accessibility within lower socio-economic communities that they have an important function within society and play an essential role in maintaining the social health of those drawn to their communities.

Character Sketch - Cephalus from Plato S Republic Essay Example for Free

Character Sketch Cephalus from Plato S Republic Essay Choose one of the three main characters from Book One of Platos Republic (Cephalus, Polemarchus or Thrasymachus). Write a character sketch that shows how the personality, social status, life situation and position affect the views the character holds about life and about the virtue of justice. Include the definition of justice for the character you are describing. In book one, we are introduced to four main characters: Socrates, Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus. Republic takes place in the home of Cephalus and Polemarchus, in the Piraeus. Cephalus is a elderly and financially secure merchant and businessman. He lives his life in moderation, he doesn’t over-reach and try to become too wealthy, and was also not a fan of excessive spending. He certainly wouldn’t approve of the credit card debts that many Americans have. But thanks to his financial security, Cephalus has a comfortable life in old age. By living his life in moderation, the transition to an elderly lifestyle has not been shocking or depressing. Cephalus will admit that these are not his Golden Years, per say – it’s certainly not the greatest period in his life, but thanks to that moderation, he finds the old age to not be as much of a burden as his friends do. His friends are depressed and woeful of their age. They miss the lifestyle that they had in their youth. Because of their age, they can no longer partake in the things they thought made them happy – sex, drugs, rock and roll, essentially. Cephalus has a simple idea of justice. Though he never goes to describe it himself, we can pull some context from his discussion with Socrates to fill in the details. Cephalus is an honest man, and as we said, he lives his life in moderation in all aspects. He doesn’t strive for unlimited wealth, but still values that wealth he has, and likely behaves ethically and morally for that reason. Cephalus keeps his desires at bay – he works hard, and he enjoys himself, but always manages to hold onto most of his money. The problem is, it seems to Socrates to be easier to live a ‘just’ and moderate life, because of the wealth that Cephalus possesses. Because Cephalus values wealth, he seems to put a heavy emphasis on the repayment of debts (and avoidance of debt in the first place as well) in his ideal of justice. He feels that if he can go to his next life not owing anyone a penny, it will lift a burden on his soul, in a metaphysical sense. A peace of mind comes with not lying or engaging in deception – which is easier to maintain when wealthy and not faced with problems (like, for example, feeding and clothing your family – some people will do anything when they are seemingly backed into a corner). Thanks to wealth, Cephalus is (at least in his own point of view) able to live a life without lies, without deception, and without debts.

RPS in Galaxy Clusters Analysis

RPS in Galaxy Clusters Analysis Jellyfish:  A  spectroscopic  study  of  ram-pressure  stripping  in  massive  galaxy  clusters* ABSTRACT We continue our exploration of ram-pressure stripping (RPS) in massive galaxy clusters at z>0.3 by assessing the spectroscopic properties of RPS candidates selected previously based on their morphological appearance in Hubble Space Telescope images. We confirm cluster membership for 55 of our candidates, thereby tripling the number of RPS candidates known at z>0.2. Although many of these systems are too faint and too distant for the kind of in-depth investigation required to unambiguously confirm or refute the presence of RPS, the ensemble properties of our sample are consistent with increased star formation, and many of the selected galaxies exhibit visible debris trails. Specifically, about two thirds of all galaxies exhibit line emission ([OII]ÃŽÂ »3727AËÅ ¡ , HÃŽÂ ², and, where observationally accessible, HÃŽÂ ±) consistent with ro- bust star-formation rates that significantly exceed those expected for systems on the galaxy main sequence. We find no significant depe ndence of either the presence of line emission or the inferred star-formation rate on the relaxation state of the host cluster. Although we caution that our sample may contain not only galaxies undergoing RPS by the diffuse intra-cluster medium (ICM), but also minor mergers located at the low-density cluster outskirts and merely projected onto the cluster cores, we expect our results to facilitate and inform realistic process models of the stripping process by providing the first statistically significant sample of RPS candidates in truly massive clusters. While extremely rapid removal of the intrastellar medium is not ruled out by our findings, extended periods of triggered star formation are clearly an integral component of the physics of ICM-galaxy interaction in massive clusters. INTRODUCTION Spiral and elliptical galaxies are both commonly observed in the universe but inhabit (and dominate) very different environments. The inverse correlation between spiral fraction and density of the environment has long been established based on both galaxy mor- phology and colour (Dressler 1980; Baldry et al. 2006) and is so pronounced as to suggest causation. Since the preponderance of red, elliptical galaxies is not limited to the densest environments (i.e., the cores of massive galaxy clusters) but is notable already in groups of galaxies (Blanton Moustakas 2009), several phys- ical mechanisms may be responsible for the observed segregation of galaxy types and appear to be have been at work for several Gyr, as evinced by the steady increase in the dominance of ellipticals in  clusters from zà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¼1.5 to the present day (Scoville et al. 2013). * Most of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Ob- servatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration. The observatory was made possible by the generous finical support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. Although simulations have indicated that elliptical galaxies can form directly through spherical collapse of dark-matter halos in high-density environments (e.g. Navarro Benz 1991), it is widely accepted that transformations of galaxies from late to early types are central to the creation of the Hubble sequence. These occur in a range of environments and, most likely, over a range of character- istic timescales. While slow-acting gradual effects such as galaxy harassment (Moore et al. 1996, 1998) are bound to contribute, more violent interactions have been shown to be highly effective in turning disk galaxies into spheroids. In modestly dense environ- ments with commensurately modest relative galaxy velocities, i.e., in galaxy groups and at the outskirts of more massive galaxy clus- ters, galaxy mergers as predicted by Holmberg (1941) and explored in numerical simulations (e.g., Toomre Toomre 1972; Barnes Hernquist 1992, 1996; Mihos Hernquist 1996) can create a wide range of remn ants, including spheroidal galaxies (Toomre 1977; Hammer et al. 2009). By contrast, at the extreme opposite end of the density range where galaxies move too fast to have a signif- icant cross section for merging, ram-pressure stripping (RPS) by the diffuse intra-cluster medium (ICM) has been predicted (Gunn   Gott 1972), simulated (e.g., Farouki Shapiro 1980; Vollmer et   al. 2001; Roediger Hensler 2005; Domainko et al. 2006; Kron- berger et al. 2008; Bekki 2009; Tonnesen Bryan 2010), and ob- served across a wide range of wavelengths. Numerous studies have established that RPS is capable of rapidly displacing and removing gas from spirals falling into galaxy clusters (e.g., White et al. 1991; Rangarajan et al. 1995; Veilleux et al. 1999; Vollmer et al. 2008; Sun et al. 2010). We here present new results from an observational study de- signed to identify and characterise RPS events in massive clusters at intermediate redshift. Our project is motivated by the fact that, while RPS has been well studied in the local Universe (e.g., Sun et al. 2006; Sun, Donahue Voit 2007; Merluzzi et al. 2013; Fuma- galli et al. 2014; Poggianti et al. 2016), work at higher redshift has advanced more slowly, due to the obvious challenges in attaining commensurate signal and spatial resolution (but see Poggianti et al. 2004; Cortese et al. 2007; Moran et al. 2007; Owers et al. 2012). It is only at z>0.2, however, that the volume probed by any clus- ter survey becomes large enough to contain a significant number of truly massive clusters (systems more massive than Coma), i.e., clusters that allow us to study RPS over the full range of environ- ments, from the only mildly overdense cluster outskirts to extreme densities in the core regions that are never reached in local cluster s like Virgo. In this paper we examine the spectroscopic properties of galaxies tentatively identified as undergoing RPS in massive galaxy clusters at z>0.3. All clusters considered for this work were iden- tified by their X-ray emission and optically confirmed in the course of the Massive Cluster Survey (MACS; Ebeling et al. 2001, 2007, 2010; Mann Ebeling 2012). Potential stripping events were se- lected based on the morphology of galaxies in images of MACS cluster cores obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) (see Repp Ebeling, in preparation, for an overview of this dataset). In Ebel- ing et al. (2014, hereafter E14) we presented a first sample of six textbook cases of RPS identified visually in these data and, ow- ing to their appearance, referred to as jellyfish (Fig. 1). Our sec- ond paper (McPartland et al. 2016, hereafter M16) defined a cus- tomized set of morphological selection criteria used to compile a larger sample of 223 potential RPS candidates and examined the spatial distribution and apparent projected direction of motion of the most plausible candidates. In this third paper, we present, dis- cuss, and interpret the results of extensive spectroscopic follow-up observations of the M16 sample. Our paper is organised as follows: After a brief introduction in  §1,  §2 describes the setup and execution of our spectroscopic  follow-up observations of RPS candidates, the data reduction, as well as our criteria to assess cluster membership for any given  galaxy. In  §3 we derive fundamental spectral properties of the con-firmed cluster members, infer star-formation rates, and estimate their stellar mass.  §4 compares the properties of RPS candidates  with those of the general population of star-forming galaxies, dis- cusses physical triggering mechanisms, and investigates correla- tions between the star-formation rate of RPS candidates and the relaxation state of the host cluster. We summarise our findings in  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ §5. Throughout this paper we adopt the concordance ΆºCDM cos-mology, characterised by à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦m= 0.3, à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ÃƒÅ½Ã¢â‚¬ º = 0.7, and H0 = 70 km sà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 Mpcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1. Figure1.HST/ACS snapshot image of MACSJ0451-JFG1, a textbook case of ram-pressure stripping from the E14 sample. The red and yellow arrows mark the inferred direction of motion in the plane of the sky and the di- rection to the cluster centre, respectively. Note that the tell-tale jellyfish morphology of this z=0.43 galaxy is readily discernible only thanks to the superb resolution of HST/ACS. (Reproduced from E14) SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS AND DATA REDUCTION The targets of our spectroscopic follow-up observations were drawn from the set of 223 galaxies tentatively identified by M16 as undergoing ram-pressure stripping. We refer to M16 for a detailed discussion of the morphological criteria applied to select these can- didates from a master catalogue of over 15,000 galaxies detected in short HST/ACS exposures in the F606W and F814W bands of 63 MACS clusters in the redshift range of 0.30.7. A comprehen- sive description of the HST observations used by M16 is provided by Repp Ebeling (in preparation). Since most of the RPS candidates from the list of 223 were targeted by us in spectroscopic observations of MACS clusters that supported several complementary research projects, compromises had to be made in the design of the observations. In order to max- imise scientific returns, clusters that feature large numbers of tar- gets for each of the different projects were given priority, resulting in a bias in favour of clusters with multiple RPS candidates. In ad- dition, the simultaneous focus on many targets made it impossible to optimise the orientation of individual slits or even the position angle of the entire mask for the study of RPS candidates. Keck/DEIMOS observations All spectroscopic data for this work were obtained with the Deep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS; Faber et al. 2003) on the Keck II 10m telescope on Maunakea. All multi-object spec- troscopy (MOS) masks used 1//-wide slits of at least 8//length, i.e., long enough to allow sky subtraction from in-slit data. Spectra were obtained using the 600 l/mm Zerodur grating set to a central wavelength of 6300AËÅ ¡ ; the GG455 blocking filter was employed to prevent second-order contamination at ÃŽÂ »>9000AËÅ ¡ . Exposure times  ranged from 3ÃÆ'-600 to 3ÃÆ'-1200 seconds. The seeing during these  observations was typically 0.8//. All data were reduced with the DEIMOS DEEP2 pipeline (Cooper et al. 2012; Newman et al. 2013), creating sky-subtracted and wavelength-calibrated one- and two-dimensional spectra. Redshifts were determined from the one- dimensional spectra using elements of the SpecPro software pack- age (Masters Capak 2011). Overall 110 RPS candidates were observed in 26 MACS clus-ters. Cluster membership We establish (likely) cluster membership by comparing the differ- ence between an RPS candidates redshift and the systemic redshift of the cluster with the cluster velocity dispersion. The latter is com- puted from all galaxy redshifts measured for the respective cluster in the course of the extensive spectroscopic follow-up work per- formed by the MACS team; a description of the underlying data and of the procedure employed to determine robust velocity dispersions for MACS clusters is provided by Repp Ebeling (in preparation). Although it is possible that some of the galaxies for which we rule out cluster membership are in fact still undergoing RPS within their local environment in the fore- or background of the respective MACS cluster, the majority of such non-cluster members are more likely to owe their disturbed optical morphology (and thus their selection in M16) to merger events or to gravitational lensing. In the following, we thus limit the term RPS candidates to galaxies classified as likely cluster members based on their radial velocity within the comoving cluster rest frame. Spectral corrections and flux calibration The reduced spectra created with the DEEP2 pipeline are wave- length-calibrated and thus allow redshift measurements that are ac- curate to within the limits set by the instrumental setup and the pre- cision of the dispersion solution. The determination of line fluxes and, in particular, line-flux ratios across a significant wavelength range, however, require flux-calibrated spectra. In addition, flux lost during the data-reduction process (due to CCD defects, non- optimal definition of spectral apertures, and, importantly, the finite slit width) needs to be recovered, if the measured line fluxes are to be interpreted as characteristics of the observed galaxy as a whole. Whereas corrections for missing flux are fairly straightforward to apply, flux calibration is notoriously difficult for multi-object spec- trographs (especially when the respective observations were not performed at the parallactic angle), owing to spatial variations in the instrument response across the field of vie w covered by the slit mask. Before flux calibration is performed, we visually inspect the two-dimensional spectra of all RPS candidates classified as likely cluster members. We manually mask out the spectral traces of non- target sources falling serendipitously into a slit, fill in bad detector columns, and re-extract the target spectra within an aperture that maximizes the object flux at all wavelengths. We then resort to external means to calibrate these spectra by tying the latter at two wavelengths to the photometry obtained for the respective galaxy with HST/ACS in the F606W and F814W passbands. To this end, we convolve the HST images in these two filters with a Gaussian whose full width at half maximum is matched to the average seeing during our DEIMOS observations and then integrate the flux within the DEIMOS slit (Fig. 2). The re- sulting linear calibration, illustrated in Fig. 3, achieves two goals: it Figure2.Example of the procedure applied to obtain accurate absolute photometry for the flux entering a slit on our MOS masks. Left: HST/ACS image of an RPS candidate in the F606W filter; overlaid are isophotal flux contours (green) and the slit as positioned during the DEIMOS observation. Right: As left, but convolved with a Gaussian kernel that mimics the seeing of the groundbased observation and rotated to align the slit with the image axes. 80 3000 250060 2000 40 1500 1000 20 500 00 40005000600070008000900010000 wavelength (A) Figure 3.DEIMOS spectrum of one of our RPS candidates before and af- ter flux calibration and slit size correction. The green and red lines show the throughput (in arbitrary units) of the ACS/F606W and F814W filters, respectively, used to anchor the flux calibration. (1) crudely corrects for wavelength-dependent variations in the to- tal throughput of our observational setup; and (2) extrapolates the spectrum actually observed through the slit to the spectrum of the entire galaxy. Note that the validity of the latter correction rests on the implicit assumption that the spectrum recorded within the slit is representative of that of the galaxy as a whole. Although this as- sumption is not necessarily well justified, it is widely applied and ensures consistency and comparability between line fluxes (and de- rived properties like star-formation rates) obtained in studies using different instrumental setups and observational strategies. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF RPS CANDIDATES Stellar mass In order to establish the locus of our RPS candidates within the general population of star-forming galaxies, we need to ensure that comparisons are made only between galaxies of comparable stellar mass. While the stellar mass of galaxies in our sample cannot re- liably be determined from only the HST/ACS data in the F606W  and F814W used for their original selection by M16, or from the optical spectroscopy within the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¼5000 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢9000AËÅ ¡ range described in Section 2, photometry across a wider spectral range that extends into the near-infrared (NIR) regime is well suited to constrain the spectral-energy distribution (SED) of galaxies and thus their stel- lar masses. For a significant fraction (QUANTIFY) of our cluster fields, the required data are available thanks to imaging observa- tions of MACS clusters with the NIR channel of HSTs Wide-Field Camera 3 (WFC3) performed for the CLASH project (Postman et al. 2012) and the MACS SNAPshot programs GO-12188 and -12884 (PI: Ebeling) described in Repp Ebeling (in preparation). The resulting photometry in the XXX passbands (CLASH) for 15 of our RPS candidates, and in the F606W, F814W, F110W, and F140W filters (SNAPshot programs) for an additional 17 galaxies, is fit with synthetic spectral templates using LePhare (Arnouts et al. 1999; Ilbert et al. 2006), an SED modeling code developed pri- marily for the determination of photometric redshifts of galaxies in the COSMOS field. Emission-line fluxes and star-formation rates 3.2.1   Extinctioncorrection DISCUSSION BPT diagram RPS candidates and the galaxy main sequence Properties of the host clusters CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Elke Roediger for helpful discussions on the latest in nu- merical simulations of ram-pressure stripping and how to further constrain them via imaging and spectroscopic observations. Most of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Ob- servatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The observa- tory was made possible by the generous finical support of the W. 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Blake Being a Man of His Time :: William Blake Poets Poems 18th Century Essays

Blake Being a Man of His Time William Blake was born in 1757, the third son of a London tradesman who sold knitwear (hosier). Blake lived in London which dominated much of his work. He was a British poet, painter, and engraver, who illustrated and printed his own books. He spent most of his life in relative poverty. He was very influenced by his brother’s death which he claimed he saw "ascend heavenward clapping its hands for joy" who died of consumption at the age of 20. He uses the illustrations and engravings in his work to express his visual, spiritual and psychic views about the society he lived in. Blake was tuned to the huge social and political forces of the late 18th century. This can be seen in Blake’s poem ‘The Tyger’ as he uses two symbols of revolution; French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution which both happened in the 18th century! The title ‘The Tyger’ is a symbol which was used in 18th century newspapers, similar to Blake’s symbolic description of the French Reign of Terror. The ‘Times’ newspaper talked about the Reign of Terror as a Tyger: â€Å"a tiger stalking the streets of Paris†. This ‘Tyger’ was used to symbolize the power, machinery, evil, violence and energy of the revolutions going on at this time. The description ‘Tyger Tyger burning bright’ is a pun because ‘burning’ could be seen to represent destructiveness whilst ‘bright’ is a deep, powerful word for revolution. In the third line ‘What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?’ which has a questioning tone, means that Blake is awestruck on what kind of God would want or allow the French Revolution. In the second verse which talks about Satan’s energy, it starts with a questioning tone about heaven or hell ’deeps or skies’. The question ‘Burnt the fire of thine eyes’ is addressed towards Lucifer (the Devil). Verse two and three shows the imagery of the industrial revolution ‘In what furnace was thy brain’. Blake says God is a blacksmith who wrestles with power and energy which is beneficial and at the same time destructive. In the fifth verse: ‘When the stars threw down their spears And water’d heaven with their tears: Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee?’ This is saying that if there were only good and no evil, there would be no good because there would be no comparison to what is good and what’s not. He basically says man needs a bit of ‘lamb’ (goodness, kindness, peace) and a bit of ‘Tyger’ (power, strength). Blake’s poems don’t just speak about his current times but can apply

Comparison of Lao-tzu and Machiavelli Essays -- Political Philosophers

Comparison of Lao-tzu and Machiavelli Lao-tzu and Machiavelli are political philosophers writing in two different lands and two different times. Lao-tzu was an ancient Chinese philosopher from 6th century BC, the author of Tao-te Ching, and Machiavelli was an Italian philosopher who lived 2000 years after Lao-tzu’s time, author of Prince. They are both philosophers but have totally different perspective on how to be a good leader. While both philosopher’s writing is instructive. Lao-tzu’s advice issues from detached view of a universal ruler; Machiavelli’s advice is very personal perhaps demanding. Both philosophers’ idea will not work for today’s world, because that modern world is not as perfect as Lao-tzu described in Tao-te Ching, and not as chaotic as Machiavelli illustrated in Prince. Perhaps Lao-tzu and Machivelli’s political system will not work for today’s world, but some of their philosophies are still exist in some of modern issues. One of those issues is gun control, which has become a dividing line in America. Lao-tzu advised in Tao-te Ching â€Å"weapon are the tools of violence; all decent man detest them. Weapon are the tools of fear; a decent man will avoid them except in the direst necessity and, if compelled, will use them only with the utmost restraint.† On the other hand Machiavelli wrote in Prince, â€Å"Francesco Sforza became Duke of Milan from being a private citizen because he was armed; his sons, since they avoided the inconveniences of arms, bec...

ANNUAL REPORT :: essays research papers

The production team is proud to report that we have finally reached they end of the Junior Achievement year. This year has been full of trials and tribulations, ups and downs, and filled with many success and failures. From our first meeting on September 18 to our last official meeting on the 28th of April many of our goals has been surpassed with the visions of targeting higher achievements. Each quarter of the 2001 2002 junior achievement year had new obstacles for us to overcome. From the rush into our first quarter to the unexpected conclusion of the fourth quarter we never anticipated that the year would of gone by so fast. For the first quarter of our Junior Achievement year JA was a new experience to nearly all of the students. It was in our first quarter that the production team was appointed, so we began without any delay brainstorming for goods or services that we could produce. After a lot of our various judgement on different items we finally came up with scented and multi-color gel pens. We later considered into making personalized business cards for high school students which turned out to become a greater success then planned. With the dramatic affect that our products had over the market our sales targeted number one on the list and we decided right then and there that we were not going to let anybody overtake us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the second quarter began on November 6th the production team really turned into a disaster. Our Vice President at that time started to feel a bit stressed out over the junior achievement program and got fed up to a point in which she decided to resign. That left s to replace her and make sure that Full Hundred got back up again and everything ran smoothly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the new production team now elected we tried our best to come up with new products for our second quarter so that our sales would remain on top and no other company would surpass us. With Christmas being right around the corner we decided to use that as our main market and sell mainly Christmas items.

Alibrandi Dairy Entry Essay

I am writing for a number of reasons, As your father I feel really guilty for not being there for you and your mother for so long but If there is one message I would want you to hold in your heart always it is this you are loved unconditionally. that my love for you is not decided based on how you act, what you say or what happens on any given day. There are no conditions and the love is given freely to you Jose. I had never thought about what it would really feel like to have a child? To watch them grow and learn the ways of the world. I am often in awe at their wonder, their pure joy in the magic of life. But all at the same time I hurt when I see you Jose. But I know that you must experience life not just the small bits all of it, even the pain and the hurt it can bring. Although you and I have been in each others life for almost a year I want you to know, every day I see you becoming more and more yourself. I thank your mother for the hard work she has put into you because it must have been hard on her raising you own her own but I see that I have nothing to worry about because your Mother has raised an independent young woman, and I congratulate you on finishing your HSC and starting university, and I see the confident, strong individual I want to help you become. More than anything, that is my job as your father, to give you the guidance, support, freedom, and love to be who you are and who you want to be. It isn’t always easy, and I’m not always good at it. I get frustrated more than I wish I did. I yell more than I wish I did. When we butt heads, it is because I see my own insecurities reflected in yours like when you called me from school because you hit another girls nose with a book. Your mother and I want you to see the world stretched out before you, want you to see all the possibilities and potentialities and not be afraid of them, want to you be excited by your own abilities to shape your worlds, to change your futures, to make things right and better and beautiful. Jose if there is one thing I am thankful for it is you, Jose it hasn’t even been a year and yet and you have shown me what others long and search for many years, and that is love before I thought I had everything I had a great job, car and girlfriend but I always felt something was missing and you have shown me what I was missing. You are young and is still growing, and you are powerful. Know this, in your hearts, if nothing else. Even when you doubt it, or are scared or unsure, you are amazing, and you are never alone. Just as you are exploring and learning and making mistakes, so am I, as your father. But as your father, I am also doing all I can to make sure that you know that all of that is okay. And you, my Jose, my amazing Jose, are becoming who you are meant to be. I will help when I can, and get out of the way when I need to. But I will always, always be here, watching, amazed at who you are becoming. And if there is anything you need I am only a phone call away.

Animal Farm Essay

The novel savage turn was tending(p)ly written by George Orwell to amaze fun of the Russian governing. Orwell made solely of the gists in the book relate to an event during the Russian regeneration. The rebellion in George Orwells Animal enkindle represents the Russian revolution during the reign of Joseph Stalin. This novel is an everyegory that croup be taken as a childrens book or a book with a serious semi policy-making opinion. George Orwell was born in India in 1903 to the raise Eric Arthur Blair. He was a very dogmatic man who despised political lying. Orwell potently believed in a fig of government called socialism. He moved to England an attended Eton college. curtly after, he moved back to India and join the Indian Imperial Police for fin years. After doing a variety of jobs well-nigh France he spring uped to draw up articles until beginning to write his books.In the sources I apply the interpretation of the Russian Revolution is Russian Revolution, knockdown-drag push through upheaval in Russia in 1917 that overthrew the czars government. In the novel the rebellion of the animals was a cherry upheaval on Manor upraise that overthrew Mr. Jones. Orwells point in opus this novel was to show the stupidity and flaws of the Russian government and the stupidity of the events that took dumbfound in the time period of the rise of communism. The main events that happen in the novel go word for word to what major events took place during Porter 2the rise of Joseph Stalin. In the Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin took the words of the sexual love Karl Marks and used them to gain ability for his own doing. The selfsame(prenominal) thing happened in Animal put forward when sleep used the words of Old Major to start his own Revolution. George Orwells Animal Farm is a story ab expose rebellion. The farm animals rebel against Mr. Jones, the farm owner, because of neglect. When the animals chase out Mr. and Mrs. Jones, the animals imm ediately rejoice. The pigs gain control of the farm. They currently forget the real meaning of physicality and the other animals cannot tell the difference among the humans and the pigs. Orwells Animal Farm parallels the characters, events, and socialism of the Russian Revolution. The characters in Animal Farm favor the main personalities of the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones is a reflection of Czar Nicholas II, who baffled control of his reign by quick industrialization. The rebellion in the novel mirrors the Russian revolution.The windmill is a symbol for Stalins Five-Year program. Just a windmill was promised to assume the animals manner easier. The Five-Year platform was supposed to improve Soviet persistence to the point that the populates life would be made easier. Stalin to a fault eyeshot that the Five Year Plan would add-on production and allow the soviets to shorten the workweek. And full like the windmill, and Stalins plan was an blab failure. After the destru ction of the Windmill, the Animals decided to fix another one. Just like how Stalin kept churning out new Five-year Plans. invariably promising that each new plan would solve all of Russias problems. The same as Porter 3when sleep kept on making up plans that would benefit him in the long run.It all started when the hens refused to give their eggs up to the pigs. forty winks then decided to starve them until they channelise their minds. Several of the hens die, and the hiatus simply give up. Soon after, nap calls a general meeting. The dogs drag out several pigs. The pigs confess that they were working with increase and Mr. Frederick, and a moment later the dogs shoot their throats out. After that, the same thing happens with the last hens from the rebellion. At the end, there is a plentitude of corpses by Napoleons feet. What we have here is a nightmare that mirrors to the large upchuck. The Great Purge took place between 1936 and 1938. Working to bear away every last trace of the people Stalin had executed or sent to Gulag labor party camps. Many of those who died, died because they claimed association with Leon Trotsky. Estimates of how many died in the purges ranges from about 500,000 up to 2 million. Stalin and Napoleon were evil men.Orwell was a very clever man. He had a lot of ideas on how government should be run. He also was a very talented writer. use those skills he crafted the novel our class involve Animal Farm. This novel could be charter at an elementary level or at a high nurture level with a huge political perspective. Orwell cleverly used the story of animals taking over a farm to tally fun of the communist government. In doing so he included the events as told in my past paragraphs. The Russian Revolution, Stalins Five-Year Plan, and The Great Purge. All events secretly mentioned in the form of a childrens fable. Orwell was truly a clever man.

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.

Business Ethics and Rules Essay

Person anyy, I equalize that Solomons h anest rudiments argon a pricy example rear for a seam. melody enterp examine honourable motive is the submit of what constitutes dear and incorrectly (or sizable and defective) humans involve in a championship context. (p25) From the lecture, we discern that righteousistic philosophy matters because how arrangings dribble deplete great implications for how they attain their sociable and economical roles and their achiever as intumesce as the achiever of their employees, customers, etcetera Thus, hurry a affair estimablely is consummate(a) for seam. Applying Solomons triplet Cs of short letter morality and the ogdoad rules of opinion moral philosophy in ph conditionless argumentation crystallise skilful sense.The trine Cs of line of merchandise ethics imply obligingness, contri plainlyions and upshots. The head start C is the demand for accordance with the rules, including the justnes ss of the argonnaand such(prenominal) world-wide concerns as fairness. (p36) As a motto goes, zip fastener john be over(p) without norms or standards. Rules in blood line organization ar mean to swear psycheal line of credit coordinate or to sculptural reliefrain or squ argon off the expression of the n angiotensin-converting enzyme. permits conduce EU-Rent for example. EU-Rent is a gondola rental ph mavenr possess by EU-Corporation. EU-Rent sets up rules rough rentals, returns, inspection and repair and customers.For example, EU-Rent keeps records of customers, their rentals, and bad experiences. This selective information is utilise to find out whether to esteem a rental. If EU-Rent doesnt come with these rules, it whitethorn non channelise puff up. The guerilla C is the contri only ifions business faeces invite to parliamentary procedure, with the set and role of atomic number 53nesss products or functionand utility program of nonpareils activities to the skirt familiarity. (p36) For instance, economists conventionally fag out that organizations prime destination is to maximise win. legion(predicate) made organizations atomic number 18 step by step conscious of the essential consanguinity among acquire and contri plainlyions to confederation.Starbucks has take c atomic number 18n its sugar rise as it has change magnitude its enthronisation in cordial issues. Those organizations who are reservation gain and founding fathert devote to friendship whitethorn feel comment from the humanity. As the name The Sichuan earthquake and the ever-changing adorn of CSR in chinaware, which was compose by Ariel McGinnis, crowd together Pellegrin, Yin Shum, Jason Teo, and Judy Wu (University of Pennsylvania), mentioned, In the age and weeks next the Sichuan earthquake, umteen transnational tidy sums(MNCs) chased a worldwide CSR (corporate genial responsibility) policy in line wit h their external standard. time intimately multinationals sworn cash, many a nonher(prenominal)s sworn a combine of cash, equipment and services. house servant firms, by all accounts, out-donated multinationalsThe touristy apprehension was that worldwide firms suspension contri just nowions non unaccompanied did non match those of topical anaesthetic Chinese companies in footing of scale leaf or timeliness, but besides were non commensurable with their strawman in the Chinese market. Chinese consumers speedily seized upon this disagreement by openly contend study MNCs, handicraft for a ostracise of their products The Chinese globe in brief gave these moved(p) MNCs the name of externalistic iron out roosters. The marches refers to a dolly that neer gives up a single(a) feather, and its practice highlights the comprehend stinginess of these international firms in spite of their supererogatory donations, iron-rooster MNCs keep to causa irate con sumers end-to-end china, resulting in severe public backlash, including protests at some(prenominal) McDonalds and blockades at KFCs passim Sichuan body politic and the rest of China. From this example, we post agnize how valuable the contributions that organizations should subscribe to to the society are.The 3rd C is the consequence of business legal actionincluding the personality of ones put on got friendship and fabrication (p36) why the consequences of business legal action are so central? permits have a grammatical construction at the pursuance example. Once, Sanlu was one of the oldest and most customary brands of baby pattern in China. It went into unsuccessful person afterwards the Sanlu take out s loaferdalisation. ground on the media, By November 2008 China inform an estimated 300,000 victims, vi infants destruction from kidney stones and opposite kidney damage, and a come along 860 babies hospitalized. Since the Sanlu grouping didnt ea rn the riddle and recover the products in time, it direct to a majestic incident. Doubtlessly, what did organizations do may be active their suppuration and correct the offbeat of the public. Organizations should not blindly trail for profits sole(prenominal) but to a fault be antiphonary to society. To call on successful, a business unavoidably to be dictated by immobile ethical set. If a corporation fails to use up ethical values and cannot be antiphonary to society, it lead fail, full interchangeable the Sanlu Group. at any rate the terzetto Cs of business ethics, Solomon alike verbalise the cardinal rules of persuasion ethics in business, which are likewise estimable moral foundations for a business. The octet rules allow in project other races benefit, including the headspring-being of non functionicipants call as a penis of the business community and not as an marooned someone imitate, but do not attend unaccompanied on, the law specify o f yourselfand your societyas part of society obey moral rules speak up objectively take away the uncertainty What bod of person would do such a issue? and rate the tradition of others, but not at the set d induce of your throw ethics. (p40, 41) found on the supra statements, it is plain to see that they are generally more or less the invention of trio Cs. accord to the text, cerebration ethically sum idea in legal injury of compliance with the rules, tacit as substantially as explicit, opinion in wrong of the contributions one can gain ground as well as ones own assertable gains, intellection in footing of avoiding bad consequences to others as well as to oneself. (p40) In the courting of Sanlu take out shite, one of the main reasons fundament